朱志贤+于翠+李勇+莫荣利+邓文+胡兴明
摘要:从分子水平上解析桑树在各种胁迫条件下的适应机制,对桑树抗逆育种、种质资源保存及提高桑叶产量具有重要作用。主要介绍了桑树抗高温、低温、干旱、高盐和抗病分子机制研究的现状,探讨了桑树抗逆分子育种的前景。
关键词:桑树;抗高温;抗低温;抗干旱;抗高盐;抗病性
中图分类号:S888.2 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2017)23-4433-07
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.23.001
Research Progress on the Resistant Molecular Mechanism of Mulberry Tree
ZHU Zhi-xian,YU Cui,LI Yong,MO Rong-li,DENG Wen,HU Xing-ming
(Institute of Economic Crops,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China)
Abstract: The adaptation mechanism of mulberry trees under various stress conditions was analyzed at the molecular level, which had an important effect on the resistance cultivation of mulberry trees, the preservation of germplasm resources and the increase of mulberry leaf production. The present situation of the mechanism of resistance to high temperature, low temperature, drought, high salt and disease resistance of mulberry trees was introduced, and the prospect of resistance to molecular breeding was discussed.
Key words: mulberry; heat resistance; drought resistance; salt resistance; disease resistance
桑树是多年生经济植物,属于蔷薇目(Urticales)桑科(Moraceae)桑属(Morus L.)桑种(Morus alba Linn),在亚洲、欧洲、美洲和非洲广泛种植,在中国栽培范围广泛,为了适应各地不同的环境条件,逐渐形成了大量品种。桑树共有30个种10个变种,中国有15个种4个变种,是世界上桑树种质资源最丰富的国家[1]。桑树全身都是宝:桑叶可养蚕,还可用来制作桑茶、桑叶复合饮料、桑饲料、保健食品等;桑根(桑白皮)用作降压药原材料,且对中风、神经性疾病治疗功效显著;桑枝可作为培养基培育香菇、银耳等食用菌,还可用于生产纤维板、人造棉,造纸、提取果胶;桑果是目前国际上热门研究的第三代水果,保健功能较好,已被卫生部正式列入首批“既是食品又是药品”名单[2]。除了上述功能,桑树对环境有极强的适应性,对恶劣的自然环境如高温、干旱、寒冷与盐碱等有较强的抗性,并且还能净化空气,对一些污染性气体如氯气、二氧化硫以及氯化氧也有抵抗性,在生态环境建设方面有良好的作用[3]。当遭受各种生物和非生物逆境胁迫后,桑树启动应激反应,其形态结构、生理生化和分子水平上发生一系列变化。……