马丹+刘正桥
【摘 要】进入21世纪后,我国的汇率发生了明显变化,其调整旨在建立更有弹性,便于调节的人民币汇率调节机制,那么我国也将面临更多的来自国际市场汇率的冲击。而随着我国市场机制的完善,金融体系的不断创新发展,汇率的变动对我国的市场经济结构,尤其是进出口、投资等部门产生很大影响。而我国目前存在的主要问题是服务业发展迅速但明显落后,资源消耗高,创新力不足[1],因而单纯就就业结构的调整十分困难。在此背景下,人民币的升值和不容乐观的就业形势是摆在我们面前急需解决的问题,深入研究汇率与就业的关系对维持我国经济增长和保持我国就业的稳定,实现内外均衡协调发展具有重要的理论与现实的意义[2]。
【关键词】人民币汇率;就业;VAR模型;效应分析
Abstract:In twenty-first Century, Chinas exchange rate system has been re adjusted, aims to build flexible and can adjust the RMB exchange rate adjustment mechanism, then our country will be faced with more from the impact of the international market exchange rate shocks. With the constant improvement of the market mechanism and the continuous innovation and development of the financial system, the fluctuation of the exchange rate has a great influence on the market economy structure of China, especially the import and export and investment departments. However, the main problem existing in China is that the service industry develops rapidly but obviously lags behind, the resource consumption is high, the innovation is insufficient[1], so the adjustment of employment is very difficult. In this context, the RMB appreciation and the grim employment situation is for us to solve the problem before. In-depth study of exchange rate and employment relations to maintain economic growth and maintain the stability of our country employment in our country, to realize the coordinated development of the internal and external equilibrium have important theoretical and realistic significance[2].
Key words:RMB rate; Obtain employment; VAR model; Effect analysis
一、緒论
(一)研究背景
开放经济条件下,汇率的变动会对一个国家的就业产生重要的影响。汇率的变动通过影响一个国家的出口价格、出口份额、进口成本等方式来影响企业生产和劳动力需求,在考虑不确定性的情况下,汇率的变动还可能通过影响对企业的投资预期等对企业的劳动力需求间接产生影响[3]。迪克西特(1989) [4]和平狄克(1991)最早提出的“真实周期”理论,用来考察汇率的变动对企业的投资、进而对就业可能产生的影响,他们认为,汇率的经常性调整和它的不确定性会使企业在投资时不得不考虑汇率变动带来的影响,从而就会影响企业的生产和就业。……