刘风竹++王颖晓
摘要:本文从概念、实质、功能及临床运用等方面综述近年三焦相关研究。研究认为,三焦是统合脏腑功能的“大脏腑”;“三焦无形”论意指无常形,“三焦有形”论相关研究取得一定成果;三焦是元气运行的次要通道,下焦气化为精血、骨、脑神之本,三焦功能实质是内脏自主神经功能;三焦气机不畅、气化不利常被认为是多种疾病的病因病机。今后研究应基于三焦生理特点与功能,将有助于指导临床实践。
关键词:三焦;实质;功能;综述
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2018.01.032
中图分类号:R223.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005-5304(2018)01-0136-05
Theoretical and Clinical Research Review of Sanjiao
LIU Feng-zhu, WANG Ying-xiao
Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
Abstract: This article reviewed the relevant research on concept, substance, functions, and clinical application of Sanjiao during recent years. The study believed that Sanjiao is the “big viscera” integrating functions of viscus; “Sanjiao is invisible” means it couldnt be described; “Sanjiao is visible” theory has made certain achievements; Sanjiao is secondary channel for running of primordial qi; Qi transformation of lower-jiao is the foundation of blood, essence, bones and brain; The function of Sanjiao is the function of autonomic nervous system; The dysfunction of qi transformation and the disorder of qi activity of Sanjiao are generally deemed as pathogenesis of various diseases. This study also pointed out that researchers should pay more attention to physiological characteristics and functions of Sanjiao, with a purpose to help guide clinical practice.
Keywords: Sanjiao; substance; functions; review
三焦之名源于《内经》。《素问·金匮真言论篇》“胆、胃、大肠、小肠、膀胱、三焦六府皆为阳”,指出三焦为六腑之一。《素问·灵兰秘典论篇》“三焦者,决渎之官,水道出焉”,意指六腑三焦是水液运行之通道。《灵枢·营卫生会》又以生理特点为依据,将三焦分为上、中、下三部分,指出“上焦如雾,中焦如沤,下焦如渎”,认为部位三焦是上焦、中焦、下焦的合称,包含了相应部位脏腑的生理功能。历代医家对三焦形态、实质、功能等认识不一,争议颇多。兹以六腑三焦与部位三焦为对象,将近年来对于三焦概念、实质、功能和临床运用的研究进展综述如下。
1 三焦概念
三焦作为藏象学说中的特有术语,既是六腑之
基金项目:国家社会科学基金重点项目(12AZD015);上海市教育委员会科研创新项目(12YS034);上海中医药大学预算内科研项目(2015JX02)
通讯作者:王颖晓,E-mail:wangyx66@126.com
一,又是上焦、中焦、下焦的统称。
对于三焦概念的认识,王永洲[1]把人体全部空间看做一个大脏腑,提出“大三焦”说,认为三焦统合脏腑功能,主导经络营卫的内通外联,完成升降出入、吐故纳新的生命代谢过程。……