黄精繁殖及栽培技术的研究进展

邴帅 郑晓文 刘政 谭会颖 陈文华 郭宁 孙晓蕾 徐凌川

[摘要] 黄精为市场上常见补益类中药。为满足市场的需求，黄精的人工种植近年来成为了热点。经过系统地查阅和整理相关资料，本文对黄精繁殖及栽培技术进行了总结。黄精的繁殖技术主要有种子繁殖、块茎繁殖和组织培养3种形式，种植模式多以林下套种为主，主要病虫害为叶斑病、黑斑病、蛴螬以及小地老虎等，采收期以秋季至翌年早春最佳，加工方法以蒸煮最为常见。本文最后简述了黄精繁殖及栽培方面现存的问题。

[关键词] 黄精；繁殖技术；栽培技术；研究进展

[中图分类号] Q945.79 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210（2018）10（b）-0035-04

[Abstract] Polygonati Rhizoma is a common tonic chinese medicine in the market. In order to meet the needs of the market， artificial cultivation of Polygonatum sibiricum has become a hot spot in recent years. After systematically consulting and sorting out relevant data， the paper summarizes the propagation and cultivation techniques of Polygonatum sibiricum. It is found that the reproductive technology of Polygonatum sibiricum mainly consists of three forms of seed reproduction， tuber propagation and tissue culture. The main planting pattern is under forest interplanting. Its main diseases and pests are leaf spot， black spot， grub and black cutworm. Its best harvest time is from the autumn of that year to the early spring of second years. Steaming and cooking are the most common processing methods of Polygonatum sibiricum. Finally， the existing problems in propagation and cultivation of Polygonatum sibiricum are briefly described in this paper.

[Key words] Polygonatum sibiricum； Breeding techniques； Cultivation techniques； Research progress

中藥材黄精为百合科植物滇黄精（Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl）、黄精（Polygonatum sibiricum Red）或多花黄精（Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua）的干燥根茎[1]，广泛分布于我国各地区[2]。正名始载于《名医别录》[3]，李时珍《本草纲目》记载其有补中益气，除风湿，安五脏的功效[4]。现代研究[5]表明，黄精含有多种活性成分，主要包括皂苷类、多糖类、氨基酸及微量元素等，具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、降血糖、调血脂等作用。黄精较高的经济价值使其市场需求增长[6]，资源短缺已成为黄精产业发展所面临的最大瓶颈[7]，黄精野生资源的保护与利用成为亟待解决的问题。经系统整理相关资料，笔者总结了黄精的繁殖与栽培技术，希望对黄精资源的保护与产业的发展有所帮助。

1 生物学特性

《中国植物志》[8]已对黄精的基本生物学特性进行了描述。此外，王剑龙等[9]通过显微观察发现了其种子胚发育的不完全性。……