经肛门腔镜下直肠癌根治术护理总结

何凤仪+曾小珍

[摘要] 目的 研究经肛门腔镜下直肠癌根治术护理要点。方法 方便选择2014年7月—2017年2月该院收治的150例择期行经肛门腔镜下直肠癌根治术患者，作为研究对象，分析其一般资料，总结护理要点。 结果 所有患者对护理质量各项指标评分均较高。术前，所有患者焦虑评分为（66.28±1.01）分、术后1日再次测评，结果为（44.10±1.06）分，表明经护理干预后患者心理焦虑情绪得到较好缓解（t=185.535，P=0.000）。结论 为经肛门腔镜直肠癌根治术治疗的患者实施围手术期护理干预，护理重点内容包括术前心理护理、病情观察、术前健康宣教、术中体位、器械清点等，可有效提高护理质量，改善患者心理焦虑。

[关键词] 肛门；腔镜；直肠癌；护理要点

[中图分类号] R473.6 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742（2017）10（c）-0158-03

Nursing Summarization of Transanal Endoscopic Radical Resection of Rectal Cancer

HE Feng-yi， ZENG Xiao-zhen

Operation Room， the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Zhongshan University， Guangzhou， Guangdong Province， 510655 China

[Abstract] Objective This paper tries to study the nursing essentials of transanal endoscopic radical resection of rectal carcinoma. Methods 150 cases of transanal endoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer from July 2014 to February 2017 in this hospital were convenient selected as the research objects， and their general data were analyzed， the nursing points were summarized. Results Each nursing score by all the patients were high. Before surgery， the anxiety score of all patients was （66.28±1.01）points， the evaluation after a day was （44.10±1.06） points， indicating that the nursing intervention of psychological anxiety emotion of patients had better remission（t=185.535， P=0.000）. Conclusion Transanal laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer patients received perioperative nursing intervention， including preoperative psychological nursing， disease observation， preoperative health education， intraoperative posture， instrument checking， can effectively improve the quality of nursing， improve the patients psychological anxiety.

[Key words] Anus； Endoscope； Rectal cancer； Nursing essentials

直肠癌作为消化道常见恶性肿瘤，其发病部位在齿状线至直肠乙状结肠交界处，属于低位癌，发病率及死亡率均较高，临床可利用乙状结肠镜确诊，因位置特殊、生理解剖关系复杂，疾病治疗难度较大，治疗手段以手术为主，主要术式包括腹腔镜直肠癌根治术、达芬奇外科手术、低位直肠癌经肛手术等。随着腹腔镜技术在外科的应用范围不断扩大，腹腔镜直肠癌根治术逐渐被患者接受，相较于开腹直肠癌根治术，腹腔镜手术主要优势包括微创、术后恢复快、遗留瘢痕小等[1-2]。该次研究方便选择2014年7月—2017年2月该院收治的150例择期行经肛门腔镜下直肠癌根治术患者，手术过程指经经肛门置入内镜进入腹腔进行手术，现分析并总结围手术期护理要点，现报道如下。……