菠萝皮渣发酵饲料特性及对营养的改善

杨正楠 廖良坤

摘 要 研究菠萝皮渣发酵饲料的发酵特性及发酵对其营养的改善。对发酵过程中水分含量、可溶性固形物、酒精度和酸度的研究表明，菠萝皮渣发酵饲料在发酵过程中水分含量和可溶性固形物分别升高2.7%和0.16 Brix°，发酵过程中酒精度和酸度均有较大幅度提升，分别提高了1.01%和0.94%。发酵后，饲料酸度和酒精度均为1.2%左右。对纤维素（中性洗涤纤维素和酸性洗涤纤维素）含量、粗蛋白含量、TCA蛋白含量和有机酸含量的研究，结果表明：发酵过程中纤维素含量降低，其中中性洗涤纤维素含量降低了8.3%，酸性洗涤纤维素含量降低了6.9%；粗蛋白含量由6.1%降低至5.4%，三氯乙酸（TCA）蛋白含量由0.54%提高至0.86%；乳酸含量急剧升高，其余有机酸基本维持稳定。发酵过程提高了菠萝皮渣的利用率，提升了营养价值。

关键词 菠萝皮渣 ；发酵 ；饲料 ；营养

中图分类号 S816.6 文献标识码 A Doi：10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2018.10.002

Abstract The pineapple peel was fermented to prepare feed， and its fermenting features and nutrient improvement were analyzed. The moisture content， total soluble solids， alcohol and acidity of the pineapple peel fermented during the fermentation process were determined. The moisture content and soluble solids in the fermented feed were found to increase by 2.7% and 0.16 Brix° respectively during fermentation. After fermentation， the acidity and alcohol of the pineapple peel feed were about 1.2%. The analysis of cellulose （neutral detergent fiber and acid washing cellulose） content， crude protein content， Trichloroacetic acid （TCA） protein content and organic acid content of the feed showed that cellulose content during the fermentation was reduced， of which the neutral detergent fiber content was reduced by 8.3% and the acid washing cellulose content was reduced by 6.9%. The protein content was reduced from 6.1% to 5.4%. The TCA protein content was increased from 0.54% to 0.86%. The lactic acid content was dramatically increased while the rest of the organic acid content was stable. The fermentation process improved the utilization of pineapple peel residue and the nutritional value.

Keywords pineapple peel ； fermentation； feed ； nutrient

菠蘿是我国南方的重要水果，我国年产菠萝超过30万t，主要集中在广东、海南、广西等地。菠萝因口感酸爽甜蜜、风味良好而备受我国消费者喜爱。近年来，我国菠萝产量逐年递增，为热带经济的发展做出了重要贡献。菠萝在我国主要用于生产菠萝罐头和菠萝果汁，加工过程中产生的菠萝皮渣占菠萝总重的40%。目前在工业生产中，除少部分皮渣直接用于饲料外，70%以上的残渣被扔掉，造成资源的浪费。发酵饲料是近年来新诞生的一类饲料。相较于传统饲料，发酵饲料具有提升动物免疫水平，改善肉品质，预防疾病等多种功效[1]。……