不同基质及母株对洋紫荆种子发芽的影响

陈勇 唐昌亮 李浩

摘 要 洋紫荆（Bauhinia variegata）为优良的观花赏叶植物，为探寻其种子萌发的最适基质和条件，开展不同基质处理及母株对洋紫荆种子发芽影响的试验。结果表明：不同基质处理的洋紫荆种子发芽率都比较高且无显著差异，以黄心土、蛭石为基质的发芽势较高（分别为84.67%和76.00%），平均发芽速度较快（分别为7.14和7.25 d）；不同基质处理的洋紫荆幼苗生长速度存在显著差异，以河沙作为基质的洋紫荆幼苗生长速度较快（50 d幼苗平均高达52.67 cm）。不同洋紫荆母株的发芽率、发芽势、平均发芽速度以及幼苗生长速度均存在显著差异，母株4、5、6的种子发芽率较高（分别为90.67%、85.00%和95.33%），母株1、4、5、6、7的发芽势较高（分别为53.30%、53.33%、57.50%、58.00%和67.03%），母株7的平均發芽速度较快（5.98 d）。综上所述，基质不是影响洋紫荆种子萌发的关键因子，而不同洋紫荆母株种子的萌发能力存在显著差异。

关键词 洋紫荆 ；基质 ；发芽率 ；幼苗生长

中图分类号 S796 文献标识码 A Doi：10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2018.10.003

Abstract Bauhinia variegata is an ornamental foliage plant. In order to study the best substrate and conditions for seed germination， an experiment was conducted to analyze the effect of different substrates and maternal plants on the seed germination of B. variegata. The results showed that the seed germination rate of B. variegata was high on different substrates but without any difference. The seeds showed higher germination potentials on the substrates of yellow soil and vermiculite， which were 84.67% and 76.00%， respectively， and their average germination speeds were higher （7.14 d and 7.25 d， respectively）. The growth rates of B. variegata on different substrates were different. The seedlings of B. variegata grew faster on the river sand， 52.67 cm tall in 50 days. The germination percentage， germination potential， average germination speed and seedling growth rate of different maternal plants of B. variegata were different. The germination percentage of the maternal plants 4， 5 and 6 were higher （90.67%， 85.00% and 95.33%， respectively）， and the germination potentials of the maternal plants 1， 4， 5， 6 and 7 were higher （53.30%， 53.33%， 57.50%， 58.00% and 67.03%， respectively）. The average germination speed of the maternal plant 7 was higher （5.98 d）. Substrates were not the key factor affecting the seed germination， and different maternal plants of B. variegata varied in germinating ability.

Keywords Bauhinia variegata ； substrate ； germination rate ； seedling growth

洋紫荆（Bauhinia variegata），又名宫粉紫荆、红紫荆、弯叶树，为豆科（Leguminosae）羊蹄甲属（Bauhinia）落叶乔木[1]。洋紫荆的用途广泛，花美丽且略有香味，花期长，春季满树鲜花，花色烂漫如云霞，叶片羊蹄形，为良好的观花赏叶植物，也是一种优质的蜜源植物；木材坚硬，可作农具；药用价值高；花芽、嫩叶和幼果富含矿物质、维生素及氨基酸等营养物质，可食[2]。迄今为止，国内外学者对洋紫荆播种育苗做了一些研究[3-6]，但是关于不同基质处理对洋紫荆种子发芽的影响研究结果不一致，同时，尚未有不同单株间种子播种育苗的研究。……