强调结构的十个细节

甘雪梅

为了突出我们想表达的内容，我们通常会采用一些方法让其他人注意到这个部分，而强调句就是这样的一个手段。本文总结了强调结构的基本用法和使用时应注意的十个细节。

基本用法

为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）常用强调结构：

It is（was）+被强调部分+that（who）...

例如：

I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.

强调主语：It was I that（who） met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.

强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.

强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.

强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.

十个细节

1. 一般来说，原句的谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时，用It is ... that（who）... 结构；如果是过去的各种时态用It was... that（who）... 结构。如：

It is Tom that /who goes to school on foot every day.

It was Tom that /who broke the window yesterday.

2. 强调主语时，that/who后面的谓语动词要与被强调部分的人称与数要保持一致。如：

It is I that/who am a teacher.

3. 即使被强调的部分是复数，也用it is或it was。如：

It is they what/ who often help me with my homework.

4. 在强调时间、地点，方式或原因状语时，不要用when， where， how， why， 而用that；另外，只有强调人时，才可以用who代替that。如：

It was in front of the bank that the old lady was robbed.

5. 被强调的部分是代词，主语用主格，宾语用宾格。如：

It was he that helped me yesterday.

It was me that he helped yesterday.

6. 在强调一般疑问句中的某一成分时，把is/was提前。如：

普通句：Did this happen in Beijing？

强调句：Was it in Beijing that this happened？

7. 特殊疑问句的强调句结构是：

被强调部分（通常是疑问词）+is/was it that+... 如：

普通句：Where are you born？

强调句：Where was it that you were born？

8. 强调部分既包括人又包括物时，用that不用who。如：

It was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking about.

9. not ... until ... 句型的强调句，用It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分。如：

普通句：He didnt go to bed until/ till his wife came back.

强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.

此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till， until可通用；因为句型中It is/ was not ... 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。

10. 强调谓语动词，不可用It is/ was ... that ... 结构，而要用助动词do/ does或did，其后用原形，相当于汉语的“的确”“真的”“一定”“务必”。如：

Do sit down.

He did write to you last week.

Do be careful when you cross the street.

注意：此种强调只能强调谓语动词为一般现在时或一般过去时的情况，进行时或完成时是不能用do， does， did来强调的。

強调句是一种非常好用的句型，能够清楚明确地指出你想要表达的重点。

因此，建议考生在写作中恰当运用。endprint