李婷
摘 要:(中)摘要利用年龄、时期和队列分析方法探索了我国居民主观幸福感的变迁及其影响因素。基于CGSS 2003—2013的数据分析显示,虽然受经济发展的推动,我国居民的总体幸福感在近十年内呈现单调上升的态势,然而它们在不同队列之间却存在较大的差异。队列趋势呈现出两高(20世纪40和70年代末)和一低(20世纪60年代初)的状态。受户籍制度影响城乡间的差异自“50后”的队列开始逐渐拉大。性别间的差异受男性和女性在不同队列间结婚率的影响,自1968年队列逐渐分化。受过高等教育群体的幸福感一直高于其他群体,但是这种差别自“80后”的队列开始呈缩小的趋势。研究显示宏观社会变迁对个体幸福感的影响会与个体的生命历程发生交互作用,从而对人群产生分化结果。
关键词:(中)关键词主观幸福感;年龄—时期—队列分析;生命历程
中图分类号:(中)中图分类号C91-03 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-4149(2018)01-0090-13
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4149.2018.01.009
Abstract:(英)摘要Our study utilized a newly developed ageperiodcohort method to explore the pure effects of Chinese residents subjective wellbeing along the period and cohort dimension as well as their determinants based on the data from CGSS 2003—2013. It is found that while the monotonic increase of Chinas subjective wellbeing in recent years is consistent with previous literature, the cohort pattern is more significant and meaningful. The basic cohort trend exhibits two peaks (1940s and late 1970s) and one trough (1960s). Further stratification analyses reveal that the urbanrural difference in subjective wellbeing expands since the cohort of the post 50s. The marriage rate can well explain the patterns of the two genders subjective wellbeing which diverge after the cohort 1968. Finally, although the population who completed higher education yield a consistent higher subjective wellbeing score, such gradient is significantly cut since the post 80s. Our findings suggest that the macro history events and social changes can play a significant role on individuals subjective wellbeing, and such influence can interact with individuals life course to further differentiate the population.
一、 引言
居民的主觀幸福感一直以来不仅是社会舆论关注的重要话题,也是社会科学领域研究的热点问题。作为一个全面性指标,主观幸福感反映了一个社会的综合发展水平,而幸福感的变化趋势在一定程度上体现出社会的发展进程。自中华人民共和国成立以来,在短短的60多年间,我国经历了重大的历史变迁与社会转型。在这样一个背景下,我国居民主观幸福感的变化趋势作为这些复杂变化的一个载体,在一定程度上提供了一个视角来研究这些转变以及它们是如何影响到个体居民生活的。……