基于综合指数法的保定市地表水资源脆弱性评价

黄垒 张礼中 朱吉祥 霍志彬 蔡子昭

摘要：根据地表水资源脆弱性内涵及保定市地表水资源的特点，从自然脆弱性、人为脆弱性和承载脆弱性三个方面选取10项评价指标。利用层次分析法确定各指标权重，基于综合指数法结合GIS/RS技术对保定市地表水资源脆弱性进行了定量评价。结果表明，保定市地表水资源总体上呈现出较为脆弱的态势，其中以保定市西北部、西部、中部偏东及东南部地区表现得最为明显。根据脆弱性结构，将这些地区分成自然脆弱性主导型地区、人为脆弱性主导型地区和承载脆弱性主导型地区三类。针对自然和人为脆弱性主导型地区，提出加快水利设施建设、扩大绿化面积等对策;针对承载脆弱性主導型地区，提出控制用水总量和人口增长、淘汰落后产能、发展节水技术、宣传节水知识等对策。

关键词：保定市;地表水资源;层次分析法;综合指数法;GIS;RS;脆弱性

中图分类号：P331;TV211.1文献标志码：A开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：黄垒

Evaluation of vulnerability of surface water resources in Baoding based on comprehensive index method

HUANG Lei，ZHANG Lizhong，ZHU Jixiang，HUO Zhibin，CAI Zizhao

（Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology，Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences，Shijiazhuang 050061，China

Abstract：According to the connotation of surface water resources vulnerability and the characteristics of surface water resources in Baoding，10 evaluation indexes are selected from three aspects：natural vulnerability，human vulnerability and burden vulnerability.The weight of each index is calculated by AHP，and the vulnerability of surface water resources is quantitatively evaluated by comprehensive index method and GIS/RS technology.The results show that the surface water resources in Baoding are generally vulnerable，and the most vulnerable areas are the northwestern，western，east-central，and southeastern parts of Baoding.According to the vulnerability structure，these areas are divided into three categories：natural vulnerability-dominant areas，human vulnerability-dominant areas and burden vulnerability-dominant areas.For the natural vulnerability-dominant and human vulnerability-dominant areas，some countermeasures are put forward such as construction of water conservancy facilities and expansion of afforestation area;for the burden vulnerability-dominant areas，this paper proposes controlling water consumption and population growth，eliminating backward production capacity，developing water-saving technologies and promoting water-saving knowledge.

Key words：Baoding;surface water resources;AHP;comprehensive index method;GIS;RS;vulnerability

水资源是人类生存的根本保证，对其合理的开发与利用，不仅关系到社会和经济的可持续发展，更加关系到人类自身的可持续发展[1-2]。我国水资源问题十分突出，人均淡水资源占有量仅为世界平均水平的四分之一[3-4]。尤其是广大北方地区年降水量较少、季节分布不均、地表径流少且人口稠密，水资源问题显得尤为严峻[2，4-6]。因此，水资源脆弱性评价对于我国，尤其是我国北方地区而言，已成为一个不容忽视的重要课题。……