三系水稻不育系“常香1A”及其组合耐冷性评价

徐家强+王凤梅+丁月连+韦鸿若+陈壬生

摘要：【目的】评价不育系“常香1A及其组合的耐冷性，为生产上筛选出耐冷性强的品种（组合）提供参考。【方法】利用人工气候箱和自然生长相结合方法，于幼苗期和抽穗扬花期对常香1A及其组合的耐冷性进行鉴定。每个材料两次重复。【结果】从幼苗耐寒率（活苗数/出苗数）看，“常香1A、“常香1B的耐寒率分别为88%和90%，耐寒性达到“较强级别，其组合“常香1A/R-133和“常香1A/R473的耐寒率分别为92%和90%，耐寒性达到“强、“较强级别；从幼苗期长势及抽穗扬花期看，“常香1A、“常香1B的耐冷性均为级，中等耐冷，其组合“常香1A/R473和“常香1A/R-133的耐冷性和相对结实率（低温处理结实率/对照结实率）均分别为级和3级，均分别达到“中等和“強级别。【结论】不育系“常香1A（1B）的幼苗期耐冷性较强，耐寒率90%左右，抽穗扬花期耐冷性中等；其组配组合耐冷性可达到“中等至“强级别，代表组合分别为：“常香1A/R-133，耐冷性强；“常香1A/R473耐冷性中等。

关键词：水稻；不育系；耐冷性；评价

中图分类号：S11文献标识码：A文章编号：1003-4374（2017）02-0001-03

Abstract：【Objective】o evaluate the cold tolerance of Changxiang 1A and its combinations， and to provide reference for the selection of cold resistant varieties （combinations） for production.【Method】Experiments were carried out to identify the cold tolerance of rice sterile line Changxiang 1A and its combinations in the phases of seedling and flowering stage under the conditions of low temperature in artificial climate chamber and field.Each material redo twice.【Results】 Reference to the rates of seedling cold tolerance （live seedling number / seedling number） of Changxiang 1A and Changxiang 1B were 88% and 90% respectively， a relatively high level of cold resistance rate， and the seedling cold tolerance rates of combinations of Changxiang 1A/R-133 and Changxiang 1A/R473 were 92% and 90% respectively， which was “strong and“ relatively strong level of cold resistance.According to the performance of rice seedling growth and flowering stage， the cold tolerance of both Changxiang 1A and Changxiang 1B was grade ， moderate resistance to cold.And the cold tolerance and the relative setting rate （setting rate in low temperature treatment/setting rate of CK） of Changxiang 1A/R473 and Changxiang 1A/R-133 were both grade and grade 3 respectively，which was “medium and“strong level of cold resistance.【Conclusion】 Changxiang 1A（1B）， the rice sterile line， was relatively strong to cold tolerance with the cold resistant rate of around 90% in seedling stage and that of moderate cold tolerance in heading and flowering period.he cold resistance of its combinations can reach the level of “medium to “strong，of which Changxiang 1A/R-133 was strong to cold tolerance and Changxiang 1A/R473 was moderate to cold tolerance.

Key words：Rice；sterile line；cold tolerance；evaluation

水稻是一种起源于热带、亚热带的喜温作物，对低温十分敏感。在生产中，低温冷害造成水稻减产是显著的，我国每年因低温冷害造成稻谷损失30亿～0亿kg[1]。在广西，低温冷害是影响水稻生产的主要因素之一，主要表现为早造播种育苗和移栽期受“倒春寒危害造成烂种烂秧死苗；晚造抽穗扬花期受“寒露风危害造成受精、灌浆、结实受阻，导致空秕率增加、产量降低甚至绝收[2]。因此，为了克服低温对水稻生产的不利影响，达到稳产增产，除了合理安排播期外，筛选和选育耐冷品种（组合）是防御低温冷害最为有效的方法之一。……