莫金海+杨亚伟+乔艳平
摘 要: 传统的电子束焊机高压电源电路因为存在高纹波输出电压的特性,直接导致了输出稳定性不高。为了满足现代电子技术的发展对电子束焊机的焊接质量的要求,为此设计了一种新型电子束焊机高压稳压电源控制系统。该设计从电子束焊机高压稳压电源着手通过提高输出电压的稳定性来提高焊接质量,主要原理是将新型的PWM?Zeta变换器结构与PID控制技术相结合,同时采用了遗传算法来优化PID参数的方式,提高系统的稳压精度和控制精度。并且利用SABER和Matlab软件构建系统主电路和控制系统并进行仿真。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该系统具有输出纹波小、整机系统稳压精度高、控制可靠性高、动态特性良好、换能效率高、工作环境要求低等特点。
关键词: 电子束焊机; PWM脉宽调制; Zeta型变换器; PID控制; 遗传算法; Matlab
中图分类号: TN86?34; TM743 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1004?373X(2018)04?0096?05
Abstract: As the high?voltage power supply circuit of the conventional electron beam welder (EBW) has the characteristic of high ripple output voltage, it directly results in low output stability. To satisfy the requirement of modern electronic technology development for the welding quality of EBW, a new high?voltage stabilized power supply control system is designed for EBW. Proceeding from high?voltage stabilized power supply for EBW, this design can improve the welding quality by increasing the stability of output voltage. The main principle is that, while combining the structure of the new PWM?Zeta converter with PID control technology, the PID parameters are optimized by the genetic algorithm to improve the voltage stabilization precision and control precision of the system. The SABER and Matlab software are used to construct the main circuit and control system of the system, and the simulation is carried out. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the system have the characteristics of small output ripples, high voltage stabilization precision, high control precision, good dynamic feature, high energy conversion efficiency, and low working environment requirement.
Keywords: electron beam welder; PWM pulse width modulation; Zeta converter; PID control; genetic algorithm; Matlab
0 引 言
在真空状态下,电子束焊机会产生定向高速运动的电子束。当焊接时电子束流轰击工件表面,动能转化成大量的热能,使工件的表面融化冷却后形成焊缝。电子束焊接与常规焊机相比具有热影响区小、焊缝熔深熔宽比(即深宽比)大、穿透力能力强、熔池周围气氛纯度高、加热功率密度大等诸多优点,在航天、军工、造船等行业都有应用[1]。电子束焊机(Electron Beam Welder,EBW) 高压稳定电源直接决定着电子束焊接工艺和焊接质量。
目前,国内外电子束焊机中,高压稳定电源主要使用可控硅交流调压与电子管线性直流调压这两种调压方式。……