一支画笔勾乡愁

杨群

“小时候，乡愁是一枚小小的邮票，我在这头，母亲在那头……”穿越了近半个世纪，很多人还是会被余光中的《乡愁》打动。

在外游子无论身在何处，心底对家乡都有着一丝牵挂。然而，随着城市化建设进程的加快，年轻劳动力纷纷外涌，小时候随处可见的古村落正在逐渐走向衰落。

2017年年末之际，作为国内马克笔画的先锋人物，中国美术家协会会员、中国美术学院艺术设计职业技术学院副院长夏克梁带领“边走边画”写生团队，进驻三门为当地的古村落作画。

用一支画笔让古村古宅永远定格，也让更多人通过他们的画作，忆起儿时的故事，唤醒封存的乡愁，从而让更多人了解古村落、保护古村落，这是发自夏克梁内心深处的愿望。

一支画笔勾起莼鲈之思

冬日的清晨，寒风凛凛。踩着一地厚厚落叶发出的“咔嚓咔嚓”声，夏克梁和他的队员们带着画板画纸，在三门县横渡镇桥头村寻找合适的角度开始写生。

桥头村距离三门县城30多公里，因一座古桥而得名。200年的朴树，500年的樟树，村里常年在参天古树荫庇下。这个历史悠久的古村落依山傍水，从平地到半山腰，依稀能看出往昔的古宅依地势而建，层层递进，错落有致。如今，这些古宅早已荒废多时。隆冬的日光，透过茂密的树叶，投射在石墙上，斑驳的纹路清晰可见。

在一处破败不堪的老屋前，一堵外墙早已倒塌，梁柱摇摇欲坠，但透过杂草，还能见到石头砌成的柴灶、烟囱，这里或许也曾伴随着鸡鸣狗吠、炊烟袅袅。

看着一片断壁残垣爬满了青苔，夏克梁忍不住扼腕叹息：“十多年来，走过大江南北，看了不少古村落，与其他木结构为主的民居相比，这里的古宅大多是石头垒砌，非常独特。”

说着，夏克梁摆好姿势，对着破旧的石屋开始作画，一笔一划，细腻地勾勒着……

夏克梁擅长钢笔速写和马克笔画，这类硬笔非常适合表现古民居的样态，能带来更强的视觉冲击力。但下笔之后不能涂改，作画中，夏克梁格外认真，画几笔停下，从上百支笔中再挑选其他颜色的笔，往往完成一幅画手上都是笔墨。

到了正午时分，坐了两三个小时的夏克梁站起来抖了抖快要冻僵的身体，而原本毫无生气的石屋，已跃然纸上，仿佛“活”了过来。

熟悉的人介绍说，夏克梁会把画作制成台历、笔记本、T恤等衍生产品，并出版相关画册，所得稿费全部捐赠，作为古村落保护的经费。“许多人看了后惊呼，这就是自己小时候居住的地方。我们的擅长是画画，也就希望能让大家通过这一幅幅画，勾起被遗忘的乡愁。”他这样说。

一支队伍记录无限乡愁

为了完成这样的愿望，2015年夏克梁创立了“边走边画”写生团队，来自五湖四海的艺术工作者和绘画爱好者纷纷参与，他们的脚步，到过河北太行山区英谈古寨、福建三明桂峰村等。

2017年夏天，团队第一次“画到浙江”，来到丽水松阳沿坑岭头村。“松阳古村是活的，她充满自然的生活气息，这非常难得。”夏克梁认为，保护古村落是艰难的一个课题，有人气才是保护古村的关键所在。

古村的深夜伸手不见五指，在村旁的三门山海写生基地里，“边走边画”写生团队挑灯夜战。

这个由10人组成的团队，成员来自山东、安徽、河南、湖南等地。这是鲍尧君第三次来到横渡镇写生，每次来都感觉意犹未尽。有一次，他走进岩下村一个历史悠久的四合院，里面飘出上世纪90年代的流行歌曲，他猛然忆起年轻时，曾在这样的老房子听过相同的歌曲。“白驹过隙，时间再也回不去，我就把院子画下来，留住一份念想。”

鲍尧君画过这里的古村、古宅、古桥和古树，在他的画笔下，那些沧桑的建筑仿佛恢复了往日的生命力。“看着这些古村里的老宅，边画边想，以前这里肯定是欢声笑语，只不过现在人去楼空，希望今后能恢复往日的活力。”

学建筑出身的王夏露，兴致十足地研究起了建筑形态：“特别喜欢古时的房屋，不仅有历史感，还有地域性，像桥头村都是一长排朝南的布局，我刚才在后山看到了许多大块的岩石，可以看出是就地取材。”

地道的北方大汉孟現凯，头一次体会到江南严冬那种无孔不入的湿冷，被冻得不行。“原来你们这里也要穿羽绒服的！”尽管冷风刺骨，他欣赏古村的脚步从未停下。

除了古村落，舌尖上的三门也令一行人大呼过瘾。在这个东海“黄金滩”边，他们品尝了三门青蟹、梭子蟹、牡蛎等美味佳肴。当晚，土生土长的湘妹子王玮璐临时兴起，画起了皮皮虾、青蟹。她俏皮地对笔者说：“写生结束后要交作业，这就是我的作业啦。”

一座古村重焕勃勃生机

为期3天的写生，很快到了尾声。当收起画板，背起行囊走出古村时，83岁的桥头村村民王桂花站在村口，依依不舍地目送夏克梁一行人。“感谢他们来这里画画，把我们村宣传出去，这样来的人就会更多。人多了，村子就会建得更好。”

“露从今夜白，月是故乡明。”心里充满感激的还有三门山海写生基地负责人、在杭乡贤毛玲君。写生基地于2017年10月开始试运营，接待全国各高校、画室等艺术类学生来三门古村、港口写生。这次迎来的大咖令人喜出望外。“我一直跟着写生团队穿梭于各个古村落，观察他们的写生方式，他们提议可以把横渡镇、花桥镇这些古村落串联起来，做个写生地图，这对我们来说很有启发性。”

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“从2005年开始，三门就致力于保护古村落。”三门县文广新局局长陈钱明介绍，三门历来高度重视古村落的保护和开发，尤其自小城镇环境综合整治开展以来，更是重视古村落环境综合整治，努力确保古村“古而不破”、“古而不臭”、“古而不脏”，推进古村露天粪坑整治，实现公厕全覆盖，全面整治门前屋后乱堆乱放、古村范围乱贴乱画，树立“人人都是保洁员”意识。

夏克梁和“边走边画”写生团队成员还很高兴地了解到，三门坚持“修旧如旧”的原则，对东屏、岩下、桥头等古村进行大规模修复，并完善防虫、防火、防雷等设施。充分挖掘岩下古村地形风貌、“串楼”建筑、“灰雕”装饰、多形态“金井”等特色文化，将岩下打造成“屋为日，地为月，井为星，紫微照北斗”的星象古村;挖掘近代抗倭历史名人典故、古井传说等文化素材，打造了“海防文化第一村”東屏村，展示明清两朝古建筑风貌特色。

其中三门县东屏村还创新提出菜单式修缮及出资，有效解决了古建产权问题。在东屏经验的基础上，岩下村实行产权折算入股的形式，按照房屋的规格、完好情况等折算成股份入村集体账户，以后的开发使用等由村集体统一协调解决，进一步方便了后续的修缮以及开发利用。

古村落保护与利用，道阻且长。但是每一点的改变与提升，都是前进路上的熠熠星光。夏克梁和“边走边画”写生团队成员的心里，都始终坚信这一点。

Xia Keliang， a leading figure in the marker pen art of China， arrived in Sanmen in the year-end freezing cold of 2017 as a resident artist. Xia Keliang is also the deputy dean of an affiliated art school of China Academy of Art and a member of China Artists Association. Xias mission in this three-day ‘artist-in-residence program was to share the forgotten beauty of ancient villages in Sanmen County and revive the awareness of rural cultural protection amidst the irresistible tides of urbanization.

The winter had been quietly integrated into the life of people in Sanmen. The wind was piercingly cold. Xia Keliang took his team to a village in the countys Hengdu Town， about 30 kilometers from the countys capital. Named after an age-old bridge， the village is a treasure trove of ancient camphor trees reaching into the sky and folk dwellings of elegant， primitive simplicity.

“Of all the ancient villages I have been to over the years， this one is quite unique in terms of its distinct architectural features，” said the artist， standing in front of a dilapidated house in the village where only the kitchen smoke betrayed where the dwelling lies.

For Xia Keliang， specializing in drawing with pens and markers， the unique architectural charm of the village seemed to be a perfect match with the hard-tipped tools he used. However， the painting process was a one-off thing， which added to the difficulty level of the final presentation.

All monetary rewards produced by the works created from the residence program will be turned over to the village for its cultural protection. “The plan is to remake the drawings into desk calendars， notebooks and T-shirts，” the artist revealed.

Xia Keliang launched a ‘paint-from-life group in 2015. The group of artists and art enthusiasts from all over the country has left footprints in many out-of-the-way places such as Yingtan （a village of stone houses in the Taihang Mountain area） and Guifeng Village in Fujian Province. The first village the group visited in Zhejiang was Lingtou， in Songyang County in the southwest of the province. “The villages in Songyang are a living history， which is very rare，” recalled Xia Keliang.endprint

Bao Yaojun was one of the 10 artists taking part in the drawing campaign in Sanmen， and this was his third time in Hengdu Town. “Time flies and no one can travel back to the past， and thats where art comes in，” the artist commented， admiring a courtyard dwelling in Yanxia Village. “When I was standing in front of the easel， I could visualize the life that was once here.”

For Wang Xialu， whose educational specialization is architecture， the stone houses in Qiaotou Village opened her eyes. And for Wang Weilu， from Hunan Province， a seafood banquet that wrapped up the three-day art tour inspired her. She created seafood drawings and handed them in as her tour report.

Hangzhou-based Mao Lingjun， a Sanmen native， is in charge of the sketch base in Sanmen， which was launched in 2017. He observed Xia Keliang and his colleagues working through the 3-day project. “Having spent the three days with Xia Keliang and his team， I think I am ready to start working on a ‘map for sketchers Ive been thinking about for a long time，” said Mao Lingjun.

The local government is investing heavily in village maintenance and protection， with the current work concentrating in Dongping， Yanxia and Qiaotou. The protection endeavors aim to restore the original architectural framework of the villages and inject more cultural elements into the villages stone fa?ade. Dongping Village takes the lead in reforming property right management and has shared its experiences with Yanxia Village， where property rights of houses are converted into shares to get ready for future development.

The countrys village protection still has a long way to go. For Xia Keliang and his like-minded friends， the most important thing is to take actions and make progresses.endprint