唐敏锦 叶兴柱



摘要:为探索汽轮机汽缸裂纹产生的原因、带裂纹汽缸的剩余寿命、汽缸延寿等问题,开展蠕变和疲劳交互作用下的汽缸寿命预测。利用有限元计算汽缸在稳态和启停工况下的应力情况。基于蠕变-疲劳耦合理论进行裂纹萌生和扩展的寿命预测,从运行方式和汽缸结构2方面开展优化。研究结果表明:该中压内缸中分面法兰的拐角处存在较大的热应力集中,其寿命损伤大导致裂纹萌生。经过结构修复,机组寿命显著延长。
关键词:汽轮机; 中压内缸; 低周疲劳; 蠕变; 启停机
中图分类号:TM611.31
文献标志码:B
文章编号:1006-0871(2018)01-0055-06
Abstract: To study the reason of steam turbine cylinder crack initiation, the remaining life of cracked cylinder, the life extension of cylinder, and the life prediction of cylinder under the interaction of creep and fatigue is carried out. The stress fields of the cylinder in the steady condition and the startup and shutdown condition are calculated using finite element method. The fatigue life of crack initiation and growth are predicted based on the creep-fatigue coupling theory. The optimization on the operation mode and cylinder structure is studied. The analysis results show that there is an evident thermal stress concentration at the corner of flange in the intermediate pressure inner cylinder, which leads to the crack initiation. After the structure repairing, the fatigue life of assembling unit is prolonged significantly.
Key words: steam turbine; intermediate pressure inner cylinder; low cycle fatigue; creep; startup and shutdown
0 引 言
联合循环电站采用燃气轮机和汽轮机的组合方式,可实现高达50%~60%的发电效率。这是由于燃气轮机的高温余气被导入到汽轮机做功,产生额外的电能。联合循环电站具有绿色环保、高效率、快速启停等优点。在中国,联合循环电站通常用作调峰,典型的工况是两班制运行。由于启停次数多,涡轮机械部件的损伤可能较大,甚至会导致裂纹萌生。
某联合循环电站建于2005年,包括F级燃机和135 MW汽轮机。2015年大修期间,汽轮机中压内缸的内壁发现多道裂纹。该汽轮机中压内缸裂纹的位置示意和照片见图1,中压内缸的三维模型见图2。裂纹产生于中压内缸的中分面法兰和垂直法兰的转角内表面,其中图1c)为区域A经过打磨处理后的照片,区域B未处理。
在同等条件下,厚壁部件的热应力通常比薄壁部件的大,不论是瞬态的还是稳态的。……