超声辅助减压蒸馏技术提取山苍子油的研究

2018-03-29 10:20:18杜惠蓉朱辉陈安银
山东农业科学 2018年2期

杜惠蓉 朱辉 陈安银

摘要:在超声辅助条件下,通过减压蒸馏技术结合响应面法优化山苍子油的提取条件,以期建立更高效的提取方法。在单因素设计基础上,选取液料比、粒度大小、超声时间、减压蒸馏温度4个影响山苍子油提取率的主要因素,建立多元回归拟合分析,确定山苍子油提取的最佳工艺条件为:液料比3.2∶1,减压蒸馏温度76℃,粒度大小80目,超声时间35 min。该条件下山苍子油的提取率为6.94%,比常规水蒸气蒸馏法提取率提高33.98%。气相色谱仪分析结果表明,所得山苍子油中柠檬醛含量为87.65%,品质较好。

关键词:山苍子油;超声辅助;减压蒸馏;响应面法;提取率

中图分类号:S573+.809.2 文献标识号:A文章编号:1001-4942(2018)02-0133-06

Abstract To establish a higher efficient method for extracting Litsea cubeba oil,the extraction conditions were optimized by the combination of vacuum distillation technique with the response surface method under the ultrasonic-assisted condition. Based on the single factor design, the effects of liquid to solid ratio, particle size, ultrasonic time and distillation temperature on the extraction rate of Litsea cubeba oil were analyzed for establishing the quadratic regression model equation. The optimum conditions for L. cubeba oil extraction were selected as liquid to solid ratio of 3.2∶1, distillation temperature of 76℃, particle size of 80 mesh and ultrasound time of 35 minutes. The extraction rate of L. cubeba oil under the optimum conditions was 6.94%, which was 33.98% higher than the extraction rate of the conventional steam distillation method.The gas chromatography analysis showed that the citral content in the L. cubeba oil was 87.65%, and the quality was better.

Keywords Litsea cubeba oil; Ultrasonic-assisted; Vacuum distillation; Response surface method; Extraction rate

山苍子(Litsea cubeba)是一种重要的香料植物,又名山鸡椒、山胡椒或木姜子,属樟科木姜子属落叶灌木或小乔木,广泛分布在我国南方的四川、云南、贵州、广西等省份。从山苍子果实中提取的浅黄色山苍子油,具有柠檬香气,其主要成分为柠檬醛,是合成多种高档香料的主要原料,其在医药、食品、化工方面也具有广泛应用[1]。

我国山苍子资源丰富,山蒼子油产量大,但由于加工技术手段落后,这一宝贵资源的开发利用长期处于粗制贱卖状态[2]。目前提取山苍子油的方法有水蒸气蒸馏法、超临界二氧化碳萃取法、有机溶剂萃取法、压榨法等[3]。水蒸气蒸馏法是传统提取方法,存在产率低、油品质差等问题;超临界二氧化碳萃取法工艺设备要求高;有机溶剂萃取法易造成溶剂残留和引入新的杂质等问题;……

登录APP查看全文