❶重点词句全解析

山东 董明义

◇词句解析

1.How much is this T-shirt?

询问某物的价格时，常用句型“How much+be(is/are)+物品？”，意为“……多少钱？”。当物品是单数名词或不可数名词时，用“How much is...?”回答时用“It's+钱数.”。当物品是复数名词时，用“How much are...? ”回答时用“They're+钱数.”。例如：

①—How much is the bag?这个提包多少钱？

—It's ten dollars.10美元。

②—How much are these apples?这些苹果多少钱？

—They are three dollars.3美元。

【拓展】询问某物的价格时，还可用“What's the price of+物品?”，回答也用“It's/They're+钱数.”。

2.When is your birthday?

when是疑问副词，意为“什么时候”，用来引导特殊疑问句，即对年、月、日以及时刻进行提问。其结构为When+一般疑问句？例如：

—When is your brother's birthday?你弟弟的生日是什么时候？

—His birthday is on June 18th.他的生日是六月十八日。

【拓展】what time意为“几点”，通常对具体的时间（如几点几分）进行提问。

3.At three this afternoon.

My birthday is in August.

I'm very busy on Friday.I want to meet you on Friday afternoon.

这几句话涉及了表示时间的介词at、in和on的用法。

表示“在几点几分”或“在中午”时，用介词at；表示泛指“在上午（下午、晚上）”时，用介词in；在“某年、某月、某个季节”用介词in；特指“在某一天”“某一天的上午（下午、晚上）”或“在星期几”时，用介词on。

4.Have a good time!

Have a good time!作为祝福用语，意为“祝您过得愉快！”，用于句子中，意为“过得愉快”。例如：

We have a good time at Bill's birthday party.我们在比尔的生日聚会上过得很愉快。

5.Oh，but Sam isn't leaving until next Wednesday.

until的意思是“到……止”，既可用作介词，也可用作连词。用作介词时，后面一般跟表示时间的名词（短语）；用作连词时，后面接句子。在肯定句中，主句中的谓语动词一般是延续性的，它所表示的动作一直持续到until所表示的时间为止。在否定句中，主句中的谓语动词一般是终止性的，表示主句谓语动词的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生。例如：

①She will stay until Saturday.她要一直待到星期六。

②Wait here until I come back.在这儿等直到我回来。

③The child couldn't speak until he was five years old.那个孩子直到5岁才会说话。

6.—Can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon?

—Sure，I'd love to.

情态动词can用在疑问句中，表示委婉语气的请求、向别人征求意见等。用Could you...?时，语气比can更委婉。肯定回答一般为Yes/Sure/Certainly，I'd love to.（是的/当然可以，我很愿意）。否定回答一般用“I'm sorry./Sorry.”表示礼貌地拒绝，也可先说I'd love/like to，表示接受对方的邀请，然后用but说明不能接受的原因并表示歉意。例如：

①—Can you help me take these books to the classroom?你能帮我把这些书拿到教室去吗？

—Sure，I'd love to.当然可以，我愿意。

②—Can you go to the movies with me?你能和我一起去看电影吗？

—Sorry，I can't.对不起，我不能去。

7.Bring Mr.Steen to the party without telling her so that she can be surprised.

without是介词，意为“无；没有”，含有否定意思。例如：

①We can't live without water or air.没有空气和水，我们无法生存。

②I can't do it without your help.没有你的帮助，我就不能做这件事。

8.I look forward to hearing from you all.

look forward to是一个固定短语，意思是“盼望；期待”，to为介词，后面可跟名词、代词、动词-ing形式，不可跟动词原形。例如：

①I am looking forward to seeing you.我期盼着与你见面。

②We are looking forward to the winter holiday.我们正盼望着寒假呢。

9.I prefer music that has great lyrics.

prefer是及物动词，意为“更喜欢；较喜欢”，相当于like...better，后面接名词、代词时，表示“更喜欢某人或某物”；后面接动词-ing或不定式作宾语时，表示“特别喜欢做某事”。例如：

①Do you prefer apples or bananas? 你更喜欢苹果还是香蕉?

②He prefers going to work by bike everyday.他更喜欢每天骑自行车去上班。

My father prefers to watching soccer matches.我父亲比较喜欢看足球比赛。

【拓展】prefer...to...，意为“喜欢……而不喜欢……；喜欢……胜过……”，其中to是介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。

10.Even after Abing got married and had a home again，he continued to sing and play on the streets.

get married意为“结婚”，若与表示一段时间的状语连用，要用be married。例如：

They have been married for ten years.他们已结婚十年了。

【拓展】marry作及物动词时，意为“和……结婚”，为终止性动词，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用；marry也可用作不及物动词，意为“结婚”。

11.You're supposed to shake hands.

be supposed to do sth.意为“被期望或按要求做某事；应该做某事”，be有人称、数和时态的变化。例如：

①You were supposed to be here an hour ago.你应该在一个小时前到这儿。

②Everyone is supposed to wear a seat belt in the car.每个人在车里都得系上安全带。

12.I have to say that I find it difficult to remember everything.

find作“发现”讲时，可用于“find+it+形容词（作宾语补足语）+动词不定式”结构，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。例如：

I found it important to learn English well.我发现学好英语很重要。

◇真题链接

1.—I love these hair clips. _______are they?—They are ten yuan.

【2018·徐州中考题】

A.How many B.How much

C.How old D.How heavy

【答案与解析】B 从答语判断，问句所问的是“价格”，how much有“多少钱”的意思。故选择B项。

2.Most of the villagers took part in the Dragon Boat races _______9:00 a.m.________the morning of June 18.

【2018·乌鲁木齐中考题】

A.at;in B.at;on

C.on;in D.on;on

【答案与解析】B“在几点钟”要用介词at，特指“在某一天的上午”要用介词on。故选择B项。

3.— Hi，Lucy.______ _is your birthday?

—My birthday is on May 2nd.

【2018·昆明中考题】

A.What B.Why

C.when D.where

【答案与解析】C what意为“什么”，why意为“为什么”，when意为“什么时候”，where意为“在哪里”。从答语推断，问句应问“你的生日是什么时候？”，故选择C项。

4.—My friends and I are going out for a picnic tomorrow.

—_______

【2018·恩施中考题】

A.My pleasure.

B.Have a good time!

C.Help yourselves.

【答案与解析】B 第一句意为“明天我和朋友要去野餐。”A项为“不用谢。”，B项为“祝你过得愉快!”，C项为“随便。”根据语境判断答句是祝福的话，故选择B项。

5.We don't know the love of our parents_______we become parents ourselves one day.

【2018·云南中考题】

A.until B.after

C.when D.since

【答案与解析】A not...until意为“直到……才”，after意为“在……后”，when意为“当……时候”，since意为“自从……”。根据句意判断，故选择A项。

6.—Can you go to the opening ceremony of the Sports Center with me?

—_______.I've been looking forward to it.

【2018·宜昌中考题】

A.I'm afraid B.It's a pity

C.Take it easy D.Sure，I'd love to

【答案与解析】D 问句意为“你能和我一起去参加体育中心的开幕式吗？”，从答语的第二句推断，应该是肯定的回答。故选择D项。

7._______your help，I can't get good grades.

【2018·怀化中考题】

A.With B.Without C.For

【答案与解析】B 从“I can't get good grades.”可知，前句应该表达否定的意思“没有你的帮助”。故选择B项。

8.We all look forward to _______you again soon.

【2018·宜宾中考题】

A.see B.seeing C.seen

【答案与解析】B look forward to后面要接动词-ing形式。故选择B项。

9.Miss.Brown prefers_______at home to_______outside.

【2018·眉山中考题】

A.read；walk B.reading；walk

C.reading；walking D.read；walking

【答案与解析】C prefer...to...意为“喜欢……而不喜欢……”，其中to是介词，后面接动词-ing形式，prefer...to...应连接两个相同的成分。故选择C项。

10.People are supposed _______hands when they meet for the first time in America.

A.shaking B.to shake C.shake

【2018·绥化中考题】

【答案与解析】B be supposed to后面要接动词原形，意为“应该做”。故选择B项。

11.We find _______impossible for us_______a foreign language well in a short time.

【2018·眉山中考题】

A.one;learn B.it;to learn

C.that;to learn D.this;learning

【答案与解析】B 在“find+it+形容词（作宾语补足语）+动词不定式”结构中，只可用it来充当形式宾语，指代后面的动词不定式。故选择B项。

12.My grandparents _______ for over 60 years and they love each other very much.

【2017·宿迁中考题】

A.have been married B.got married

C.were married D.have got married

【答案与解析】A 从时间状语for over 60 years可以确定，此处应用表示延续性的动词。故选择A项。

◇巩固练习

根据句意，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳选项。

1.—_______is your new schoolbag?

—It's¥30.

A.How many B.How much

C.How long D.What

2.—Tom，_______do you start celebrating New Year in America?

—On December 31st.

A.when B.where

C.why D.how

3.—My parents and I will go to Qingdao for a trip tomorrow.

—Really? _______.

A.Thank you B.Have a good time

C.You are welcome D.See you

4.I sometimes help my mom with her housework_______Saturdays.

A.at B.in

C.on D.to

5.—It's too late.I have to go now.

—Oh，it's raining outside.Don't leave ________it stops.

A.since B.until

C.while D.though

6.—Can you go shopping with me now?

—_______.But I have to wash my clothes.

A.I'd love to B.I'm afraid not

C.I'm sorry，I can't D.No，thank you

7.Students shouldn't go to school___________breakfast.It's bad for their health.

A.with B.without

C.for D.by

8.—I'm looking forward to________my parents soon.What about you?

—Me too.

A.seeing B.see

C.saw D.be seeing

9.—Betty， did your son _______in the year 2010?

—Yes，he _______for about eight years.

A.married;has married

B.get married;has been married

C.get married;has got married

D.married;was married

10.Theboy_______reading______playing computer games.

A.prefers;than B.prefers;to

C.would rather;than D.would rather;to

11.Animals are our good friends.We are supposed________them.

A.to protect B.protect

C.protecting D.protected

12.They found________difficult________the work in such a short time.

A.that;finish B.it;to finish

C.it;finishing D.that;to finish