肿瘤微环境中的各组成成分在肿瘤发生、发展中的作用

2018-05-08 08:56:42唐妍张梦梅王菲杨泽韦祥耀王元艳柏玉举
中国医药导报 2018年6期

唐妍 张梦梅 王菲 杨泽 韦祥耀 王元艳 柏玉举

[摘要] 肿瘤微环境(TME)是一个极其复杂的内环境网络,由癌症相关成纤维细胞、神经内分泌细胞、脂肪细胞、免疫细胞、血管和淋巴管网络、细胞外基质和物理因素如pH值、乏氧、间质液体压力及其他因素等组成,与肿瘤起始、进展、转移中的每一步都紧密相关。本文基于现有的对肿瘤微环境细胞水平上的研究,针对肿瘤微环境中各细胞成分和各种因子水平的变化在肿瘤的起始、进展、侵袭过程中所起的主要作用作一综述,为肿瘤防治寻找新的靶点提供依据。

[关键词] 肿瘤微环境;免疫逃逸;血管和淋巴管网络;乏氧

[中图分类号] R730.3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2018)02(c)-0039-05

Roles of various components in tumor microenvironment in the occurrence and development of tumor

TANG Yan ZHANG Mengmei WANG Fei YANG Ze WEI Xiangyao WANG Yuanyan BAI Yuju

Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China

[Abstract] Tumor microenvironment (TME), which is an extremely complex network of the internal environment composed of cancer-associated fibroblasts, neuroendocrine cells, adipose cells, immunocytes, vascular and lymphatic network, extracellular matrix and physical factors such as pH value, hypoxia, interstitial fluid pressure, etc., is closely related to every step in the onset, progression and metastasis of tumors. Based on current researches on TME at the cellular level, this study summarizes the main roles of the changes in the levels of each cell component and various factors in the onset, progression and invasion of tumors, providing a basis for exploring novel targets for the prevention and treatment of tumors.

[Key words] Tumor microenvironment; Immune escape; Vascular and lymphatic network; Hypoxia

腫瘤的发生、发展是一个复杂、动态的过程,包含起始、进展及转移3个阶段[1]。长期以来,肿瘤被认为是孤立的肿块,在器官特定的部位独立存在。直到肿瘤学家发现肿瘤微环境,是一个包括各种细胞类型、周围基质、血管和淋巴管、分泌因子和肿瘤细胞及物理因素如pH值、乏氧、间质液体压力等组成的复杂内环境网络[2-4]。在这个网络中,这些复杂的组成成分始终处于一种动态的变化过程中,为肿瘤细胞的增殖、转移提供良好的生长环境及物质条件,影响肿瘤起始、进展、转移中的每一步。当生态治疗策略被广泛应用于临床后[5],人们一直致力于验证细胞和非细胞成分在肿瘤微环境中的作用。随着肿瘤细胞学和分子生物学的进一步研究,我们对肿瘤细胞及其周围环境的关系有了更深入的认识,这将在肿瘤的防治和预后等方面有着重大意义。……

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