戴俊 田丽波 朱朝华 王萌 谢昌平 商桑 陈志晟
摘 要 为提高火龙果的抗逆性和繁殖效率,缩短生长发育时间,对火龙果的平接、靠接、楔接3种嫁接方法进行了比较;同时利用筛选出的楔接法,以红肉火龙果为接穗,比较了3种砧木的嫁接成活率;以地方白肉火龙果为砧木,比较了‘台湾大红、‘红水晶、‘蜜宝红肉火龙果品种为接穗时的嫁接成活率。结果表明:楔接法的嫁接成活率最高,为56.67%,抽梢率最多,為16.67%;白肉火龙果、三角柱、仙人掌做砧木的嫁接成活率差异显著,以三角柱为砧木的嫁接成活率最好,为60.00%;3种不同品种的红肉火龙果作接穗的嫁接成活率比较中,以‘台湾大红成活率最高,为63.33%。在生产上可以‘台湾大红火龙果做接穗,三角柱做砧木,采用楔接法进行嫁接。
关键词 火龙果 ;嫁接 ;繁殖
中图分类号 S667 文献标识码 A Doi:10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2018.02.005
Abstract Pitaya was propagated by using 3 different grafting methods, flat grafting, inarching grafting and wedge grafting, to select the best grafting method which can improve the stress resistance and propagation efficiency of pitaya and shorten the time of growth and development of pitaya as well. The white-flesh pitaya, Hylocereus undatus and cactus were used as rootstocks, and grafted with pitaya varieties Taiwan Dahong, Red Crystal and Mibao as scions to compare their survival rates. The wedge grafting was found to have the highest survival rate (56.67%) and the highest shooting rate (16.67%). There was no significant difference in survival rate between the graftings with the white pitaya, H. undatus and cactus as rootstocks, but the graftings with H. undatus as rootstock had the highest survival rate, upto 60.00%. Of the 3 pitaya scions the Taiwan Dahong graftings had the highest survival rate (63.33%). So, pitaya Taiwan Dahong could be grafted with H. undatus by wedge grafting method for propagation.
Keywords pitaya ; grafting ; propagation
嫁接是把同一植株或不同植株的某个部位进行相互连接,使其能正常生长发育,重新形成一个完整植株的繁殖方式。嫁接的母体被称为砧木,嫁接的幼枝被称为接穗。火龙果喜温、喜光,生长发育的周期较长,种植后需要12~14个月才能开花结果。司永等[1]的研究中提到嫁接可以缩短果树的生长期,使果树提前结果。王友军等[2]研究中发现,嫁接可以提高果树的抗逆性,提高果树成活率。为了使火龙果能够在温度低,光照条件不太好的地区种植及使其结果期提前,采用嫁接的方法以提高火龙果的抗逆性及缩短它的生长发育时间。
火龙果(Hylocereus undulatus Britt),仙人掌科、量天尺属植物,又称红龙果、龙珠果、仙蜜果、玉龙果。……