邓成菊 李芹 高梅 刘学敏 杨绍琼 孙寅虎 张光勇 李宗锴 杜浩 陈伟强
摘 要 采用国际油梨新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性检测指南,结合热带、亚热带果树种质资源数据质量控制规范分析和评价优良油梨品系‘云油一号的主要性状。结果表明:该品系具有早熟、丰产、稳产的特性,2到3月开花,7月初果实成熟;果实椭圆形,采收时绿色,后熟为深红色,平均单果重360g,可食率73%;果实营养成分丰富,含钙4 mg/hg,镁23.4 mg/hg,磷38.2 mg/hg,钠1.96 mg/hg,钾297 mg/hg,维生素C 13.3 mg/hg,蛋白质含量1.74%,总糖1.76%,粗脂肪4.99%,粗纤维3.21%。
关键词 油梨 ;品系 ;‘云油一号 ;性状 ;分析 ;评价
中图分类号 S667.9 文献标识码 A Doi:10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2018.02.006
Abstract The main characteristics of the elite avocado variety Yunyou 1 (Persea Americana) were analyzed and evaluated based on the guidelines for distinctness, uniformity, and stability of new avocado variety together with the data quality control of germplasm resources of tropical and south sub-tropical fruits. The results showed that this avocado variety was precocious with high and stable yield. The variety flowered in February to March and the fruit set from the first flowers matured in July. The fruit were elliptic, green at harvest, and dark red at ripening. The fruit averaged 360g in weight and its edible part was 73%. It was rich in nutrition, containing calcium (4 mg/100 g), sodium (1.96 mg/100 g), potassium (297 mg/100 g), magnesium (23.4 mg/100 g), protein (1.74%), sugar (1.76%), crude fiber(3.21%), ash (0.73%), vitamin C (13.3mg/100 g) and crude fat (4.99%).
Keywords avocado ; variety ; Yunyou 1 ; characteristics ; analysis ; evaluation
油梨(Persea Americana Mill)別名鳄梨、酪梨、牛油果,英文名为Avocado,为樟科(Lauraceae)油梨属(Persea)植物。原产于拉丁美洲的哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔至墨西哥南部一带。现主要分布在南北纬30°的热带、亚热带地区。1920年前后引入中国驯化栽培[1]。国内油梨因缺乏适应产业发展的高产、优质品种,目前没有形成规模化种植,仅有广西职业技术学院选育的桂研10号,桂垦大2号和桂垦大3号在生产上大面积种植[2],3个品种都属于中熟品种。另外就是世界范围内广泛推广种植的Fuete,Zutano 和HASS晚熟品种[3]。品种结构较为单一。国内外已有关于油梨性状研究的报道。1998年蔡胜忠[4]对油梨种质资源主要性状研究报道, 2003年陈海红等[5]对油梨生物学特性的研究报道。本研究是参照国际油梨新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性检测指南和热带、亚热带果树种质资源数据质量控制规范对油梨新品种进行综合评价,之前类似的研究未见报道。……