甘薯间作糯玉米的高产高效模式分析

2018-06-21 11:27:12赵大伟徐宁生杨华才黄兴粉邓国军王序英
热带农业科学 2018年2期

赵大伟 徐宁生 杨华才 黄兴粉 邓国军 王序英

摘 要 为研究不同栽种规格的甘薯间作糯玉米模式和发掘高产高效间作模式,本实验对甘薯净作、糯玉米净作和15种甘薯间作糯玉米模式进行了鲜薯产量和经济效益的研究。结果表明:甘薯间作糯玉米模式是可行的,体现出明显的间作优势;不同间作模式的经济效益不同,其中处理16(四间双,株距30 cm)的鲜薯产量(22 670.16 kg/hm2)是间作处理中最高的,处理16的经济效益(37 782.16元/hm2)也是供试处理中最高的,综合评价得出处理16的甘薯间作糯玉米模式最合理。此结果为进一步推广高产高效甘薯间作糯玉米模式提供有利依据。

关键词 甘薯 ;糯玉米 ;间作 ;栽培模式

中图分类号 S613 文献标识码 A Doi:10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2018.02.007

Abstract Sweet potato and waxy corn were mono-cultured, and sweet potato was intercropped with waxy corn in 15 intercropping patterns. The yield and economic benefits of sweet potato and waxy corn in monoculture and intercropping were analyzed to develop high-yielding efficient patterns of intercropping of the sweet potato with waxy corn. The results showed that the patterns of intercropping of sweet potato with waxy corn were feasible and had an obvious advantage. The economic benefits varied in different intercropping patterns. The intercropping pattern of 4 rows of sweet potato and 2 rows of waxy corn with a plant distance of 30 cm gave the highest fresh yield (2 2670.16 kg/hm2) of fresh sweet potato and the highest economic returns (RMB 37 782.16 yuan/ha) among the intercropping patterns. Comprehensive evaluation showed that this intercropping pattern was the most reasonable. The experiment provides references for the development of optimum high-yielding efficient patterns of intercropping of sweet potato with waxy corn.

Keywords sweet potato ; waxy corn ; intercrop ; cultivation pattern

甘薯(Ipomoea batatas Lam.)属旋花科甘薯属,起源于美州的秘鲁、厄瓜多尔和墨西哥一带,因其产量高、抗性强、耐贫瘠、適应性广及营养丰富,是世界种植的主要块根作物之一,也是重要的粮食、饲料和工业原料[1-2]。联合国粮农组织(FAO)认为,甘薯是21世纪解决粮食和能源问题的重要农作物之一。中国甘薯年种植面积约600万hm2,约占世界甘薯种植面积的66%,年产量约1.002亿t,占世界甘薯总产的85%,是世界上最大的甘薯生产国之一[3]。云南地多田少,甘薯种植面积83 592 hm2,平均单产11 564 kg/hm2,鲜薯总产量96 755t,仅次于马铃薯,是云南省第二大薯类农作物,而玉米是重要的大春粮食作物,在种植过程中采用不同间作模式是提高粮食产量的重要栽培措施[4]。甘薯根系发达,茎蔓匍匐生长,有着地生根习性,吸水肥力强,对土壤和日照长度要求不甚严格[5],因此采用甘薯间作早熟的玉米,可有效控制水土流失,提高土地利用率,实现增产增收的目的。……

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