2017年日喀则市农区气候特征与农业气象条件评述

格桑卓玛 德吉白珍 巴桑次仁

摘 要：利用常规气象要素与农业气象观测數据，分析了2017年日喀则市农区气候特征，并对作物出苗至成熟期间各个生育阶段的农业气象条件进行了研究。结果表明：2017年日喀则市农区气温偏高；降水量偏多，降水时空分布不均；日照时数略少；≥5℃、≥10℃、≥15℃积温多于常年。农区作物出苗至成熟期间，光、温、水基本能满足作物生长发育的需要。部分农区初夏出现轻度干旱天气，盛夏出现短时强降水和冰雹天气，对作物生长造成了一定的影响，但各地墒情适宜，加上田间管理措施得当，作物长势良好。

关键词：日喀则；农区；农业气象条件

中图分类号 S162 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2018）10-0133-04

Climatic Characteristics and Agrometeorological Conditions in Shigatse Agricultural Area in 2017

Gesangzhuoma et al.

（Shigatse Meteorological Bureau of Tibet Autonomous Region，Shigatse 857000，China）

Abstract：Using conventional meteorological elements and agricultural meteorological observation data， this paper analyzes the climatic characteristics of the agricultural area of Shigatse City in 2017， and analyses in detail the agricultural meteorological conditions during the period from emergence to maturity. The results show that： The temperature in the agricultural area of Shigatse City in 2017 is high； Precipitation is too much， and the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation is uneven； Sunlight hours are slightly less； ≥ 5℃，≥ 10℃，≥ 15℃ accumulated temperature more than perennial. Light， temperature and water basically meet the needs of crop growth and development during the period of crop emergence and maturation in the agricultural area. In some agricultural areas， mild drought occurred in early summer， and short-term heavy precipitation and hail weather occurred in mid-summer， which caused a certain impact on crop growth. However， the moisture situation in various areas was suitable， and the field management measures were appropriate. Crop growth was good.

Key words：Shigatse；Agricultural areas；Agricultural meteorological conditions

随着全球气候的变暖，极端天气和气候事件频繁发生，各类气象灾害接踵而至。气候变化直接影响作物的生长，西藏生态条件脆弱，农业生产适应能力差，受气候影响更大。日喀则素有“西藏粮仓”的美誉，是西藏最大的青稞生产区。近年来对青稞气象环境的研究，也在很大程度上提高了青稞的产量。日喀则市太阳辐射能力强，光能资源丰富，年温差小，昼夜温差大，水热的总体配合良好，并且温度条件适宜，无高温逼熟，这都有利于农作物光合作用与养分的累积；但降水过分集中，时空分布不均，高海拔地区热量紧张，无霜期短，生态环境脆弱，又限制了农业的发展。因此，为了发掘区域的生产潜力，提高粮食产量，就必须在全球气候变暖的大环境下，更加注重对气候的研究，从而为调整农业生产区划与对策提供参考。……