一种防治大豆疫霉根腐病生物种衣剂的应用研究

巩海仁 张会兴 张艳超 吴勋艳 孟广发 王楠楠 冯乃杰 韩毅强

摘 要：利用生防菌M1-4与植物激活剂、植物调节剂等复配开发出专用于大豆疫霉根腐病防治的高效种衣。考察其抗病和促生效果表明，生防菌M1-4在种衣剂中不宜超过56d。盆栽试验表明，该种衣剂能够显著降低病情指数，防控效果达到75.2%，地上和地下鲜重分别增加了87%和125%，具有极显著的促生作用。田间试验表明，生物种衣剂能够降低苗期株高，起到壮苗的作用，大豆叶片、叶柄的鲜重在鼓粒期显著提高，大豆叶面积在初花期、盛花期、荚期和鼓粒期均显著高于对照。大田应用表明，在宝泉岭和林甸应用分别使大豆疫霉根腐病的发病率降低了16.61%和22.48%，死苗数下降了3.59%和6.75%，产量提高了30.01%和32.66%。因此，该复合生物种衣剂对大豆根腐病的防效显著，可有效提高大豆产量。

关键词：生物种衣剂；大豆疫霉根腐病；病情指数；产量

中图分类号 S565.1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2018）11-0054-04

Abstract：The biological seed coating agent contains the plant activators，plant regulators，and the biocontrol bacteria M1-4 with the inhibitory activity against Phytophthora sojae，and the disease resistance and growth promoting effects of the agent are measured by pot experiments and field trials.The results showed that biocontrol bacteria M1-4 was stable in seed coating for 56d.Pot experiment showed that the agent could significantly reduce the disease index，and the efficiency of control P.sojae was 75.2%.Meanwhile，the fresh weight of above ground and underground increased by 87% and 125%，respectively，and it had significant effect of growth promoting.Field experiments showed that the agent can reduce the seedling height，and stronger seedlings. The fresh weight of leaf and petiole significantly increase in the drum stage，and leaf area was significantly higher than that of the control in the early flowering，flowering，pod and drum stage.The application of the agent in Baoquanling and Lindian showed that the incidence of P.sojae reduces by 16.61% and 22.48%，and the number of dead seedlings reduces by 3.59% and 6.75%，and the yield increases by 30.01% and 32.66%，respectively.It shows that the biological seed coating agent has a significant control effect on soybean root rot and can effectively improve soybean yield.

Key words：Seed coating agent；Soybean root rot；Disease index；Yield

大豆是人类食用蛋白质和脂肪的主要来源之一。由于长期的应茬、重茬种植，大豆生产中病虫害问题日趋突出，成为影响大豆产量与品质的重要限制因素[1]。大豆疫霉根腐病是大豆的第二大病害，发病时轻则造成大豆减产10%～20%，重则绝产[2-4]。目前，大豆疫霉根腐病的防治主要依靠甲霜灵等化学药剂，在使用过程中存在一定的风险和危害，而且抗性问题也日趋严重[5-7]，生物制剂逐渐成为防治大豆疫霉根腐病的研究热点。台莲梅等应用木霉菌T115D发酵液，采用喷雾灌根等方法防治大豆疫霉根腐病，效果明显[8]。……