小麦与野燕麦远缘杂交亲本及后代核型研究

2018-07-13 07:46:22张素勤刘利青周海鹏盛中飞郑会敏耿广东张庆勤
山地农业生物学报 2018年3期

张素勤 刘利青 周海鹏 盛中飞 郑会敏 耿广东 张庆勤

摘 要:为了探索小麦与野燕麦远缘杂交后代的核型特点,本试验采用根尖压片法对小麦、野燕麦及其远缘杂交后代稳定株系进行了核型分析。结果表明:母本小麦的染色体数目为28条,核型为1A或2A;父本野燕麦的染色体数目为14或42,核型为2A或2B;三个远缘杂交组合后代的染色体数目为42,核型为2A或2B。杂交后代0878株系染色体相对长度分布在338~609,染色体长度比为180,核型公式为2n=6x=42=36m(2sat)+6sm(2sat)。T2W3株系的染色体相对长度分布在323~666,染色体长度比为206,核型公式为2n=6x=42=30m(2sat)+10sm+2st(2sat)。TP2株系染色体相对长度分布在259~719,染色体长度比为278,核型公式为2n=6x=42=6M+24m(2sat)+12sm(2sat)。小麦与野燕麦成功远缘杂交获得了进化程度高于其母本的普通小麦型小麦新种质。

关键词:小麦;野燕麦;远缘杂交;核型

中图分类号:S512

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1008-0457(2018)03-0001-06 国际DOI编码:10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2018.03.001

Karyotypes of the Parents and Progenies From Wide Cross Triticum×Avena Fatua L

ZHANG Suqin, LIU Liqing,ZHOU Haipeng, SHENG Zhongfei,ZHENG Huimin, GENG Guangdong, ZHANG Qingqin

(Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China)

Abstract:The karyotypes of the parents and stable progeny from wide cross Triticum×Avena Fatua L were analyzed for understanding the progeny chromosomal characterization in the present study The results showed that the chromosome numbers of female parents were 28,which belonged to the type 1A or 2A The male parents contained 12 or 42 chromosomes, ascribed to the type 2A or 2B The progeny from three wide crosses included 42 chromosomes, assigned to the type 2A or 2B The chromosome relative lengths of the lines 0878, T2W3 and TP2 were in the ranges of 338-609, 323-666 and 259-719, respectively Their chromosome length ratios were 180, 206 and 278, respectively Their karyotypic formulas were 2n=6x=42=36m(2sat)+6sm(2sat), 2n=6x=42=30m(2sat)+10sm+2st(2sat) and 2n=6x=42=6M+24m(2sat)+12sm(2sat), respectively The new common wheat germplasm, more evolutive than their female parents, was achieved from the wide cross Triticum×Avena fatua L

Key words:Triticum; Avena Fatua L; wide cross; karyotype

通过远缘杂交能有效地把外源有益遗传物质转移到普通小麦中,在创造育种材料中获得了巨大的成功[1]。迄今为止,已有山羊草属、黑麦属、大麦属、披碱草属、赖草属、偃麦草属、冰草属、簇毛麦属、旱麦草属、鹅观草属和新麦草属等与小麦杂交成功的报道[2]。陈瑞阳等[3]对小麦属9个六倍体种(AABBDD), 8个四倍体种(AABB, AAGG)和3个二倍体种(AA, AuAu)的体细胞核型进行了分析,发现小麦属的核型全部为2A,不对称性随倍性提高而有所增加,种间核型有一定差异。戴秀梅等[4]研究硬粒小麦和偏凸山羊草杂交后代硬偏麦六倍体类型的核型,发现在该杂交后代中含有与偏凸山羊草 Mv染色体组相似臂比和相似着丝粒位置的染色体,初步判断硬偏麦六倍体类型的染色体组成是AABBMvMv。……

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