不同种植方式对麦油两熟制花生生理特性及产量的影响

栗鑫鑫 钱必长 李金融 赵继浩 李颖 李向东

摘要：以山花108为试材，在大田条件下设置麦田套种、直播露地和直播覆膜三种种植方式，系统研究了不同种植方式对麦油两熟制花生生理特性及品质的影响。结果表明：在花生生育前期，夏直播覆膜处理可提高其叶面积系数，增加功能叶的叶绿素含量、气孔导度、蒸腾速率，提高叶片净光合速率，增加植株干物质积累量，促进营养生长。麦套花生能显著提高花生生育中后期叶面积系数和叶绿素含量，改善光合性能，增加干物质积累，提高单株结果数、出仁率和果重。三种种植方式下花生产量表现为麦套>直播覆膜>直播露地。发展麦油两熟制花生，在人力和物力充足条件下，宜选用麦田套种方式；为适应机械化，宜采用夏直播覆膜栽培，同时力争早播和适当增加密度，保证产量。

关键词：麦油两熟制花生；种植方式；生理特性；产量

中图分类号：S565.201文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2018）06-0090-06

Abstract Taking Shanhua 108 as material， we compared the physiological characteristics and quality of peanut in three different cropping patterns （wheat field inter-cropping， summer direct seeding treatment and summer direct seeding with plastic film treatment ） under field conditions. The main results were as follows. In the earlier growing period of peanut， the summer direct seeding with plastic film treatment could increase the leaf area index， chlorophyll content in functional leaves， stomatal conductance， transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rate， thus promoted the amount of dry matter accumulation and vegetative growth of peanut. Wheat field inter-cropping could significantly increase the leaf area index and chlorophyll content in the middle and late growth period of peanut， improve photosynthetic performance and dry matter accumulation， thereby boost the fruit number per plant， kernel rate and fruit weight. The peanut yield under three cultivation patterns showed as wheat field inter-cropping > summer direct seeding with filming> summer direct seeding. Therefore， with sufficient manpower and material resources， wheat field inter-cropping pattern should be adopted for wheat-peanut double cropping system； to adapt to mechanization， summer direct seeding with filming pattern was suitable， and early sowing and appropriately increasing density should be adopted to ensure yield.

Keywords Wheat-peanut double cropping system； Planting patterns； Physiological characteristics； Yield

黃河流域花生区是我国种植面积最大、总产量最高的花生产区，主要包括山东、天津、河北、河南等地，种植面积和总产量占全国的50%以上[1]。受自然条件、土壤肥力和农艺管理等多方面影响，我国花生产区发展极不平衡[2]，李国志[3]研究指出生态条件和栽培制度的差异是造成这一现象的主要原因。山东是我国花生种植大省，近年种植面积约80万公顷，以春花生为主，约占总面积的80%，麦油两熟制花生种植面积约18万公顷，约占总面积的20%[4]。随我国人口增长与可耕地面积不断减少的矛盾日益突出，如何利用有限的耕地来满足人们不断增长的物质需求[5]，已成为制约我国农业发展的重要问题。春花……