张治彬 李新洪 安继萍 贺广松 王谦



摘 要: 首先讨论国内外对空间碎片主动清除技术的研究进展,分析空间碎片清除平台的功能要求。然后提出一种静止轨道空间碎片主动清除方式,即通过空间碎片清除平台发射出粘性弹丸与目标空间碎片进行非弹性碰撞,使空间碎片获得一定的速度增量,进而被推离原轨道。其次,对粘性弹丸的轨道转移过程进行建模,推导出拦截时间、弹丸飞行距离等要素与姿态俯仰角的关系。最后,利用Simulink对弹丸的轨道转移过程进行了仿真,分析拦截时间t,飞行轨迹长度S与弹丸俯仰角(弹丸出射速度与碎片清除平台速度的夹角)的关系。
关键词: 空间碎片; 主动清除技术; 地球静止轨道; 粘性弹丸; 碎片拦截; Simulink
中图分类号: TN927?34 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1004?373X(2018)16?0088?04
Abstract: An active removal method of space debris in the geostationary orbit is proposed after discussing the research progress of active removal technology of space debris at home and abroad, and analyzing the functional requirements of the space debris removal platform. The viscous projectile is launched from the space debris removal platform to make inelastic collision with the debris in target space, so that the space debris can obtain a certain velocity increment and be pushed away from the original orbit. The orbit transfer process of the viscous projectile is modeled, and the relationship of interception time and projectile flight distance to the pitch angle of the attitude is deduced. The orbit transfer process of the projectile is simulated by Simulink. The relationship of the interception time t and flight trajectory length S with the pitch angle of the projectile (the included angle between the ejected velocity of the projectile and the velocity of the debris removal platform) is analyzed.
Keywords: space debris; active removal technology; geostationary orbit; viscous projectile; debris interception; Simulink
静止轨道具有固定的资源,包括轨道资源和频率资源,随着航天技术不断的发展,静止轨道变得越来越拥挤;另一方面,废弃卫星以及碰撞产生等方式产生的空间碎片占据了静止轨道宝贵的资源,并且对静止轨道卫星的寿命造成了严重的威胁,所以对空间碎片的在轨清除也成为航天的重要任务之一。空间碎片的清除技术可以分为被动清除和主动清除[1]。被动清除技术主要是利用地磁场和气动阻力等自然因素,碎片在经过长时间运行之后自然离轨,但是由于静止轨道高度太高,气动力矩以及磁力矩都比较小,被动清除技术对地球静止轨道上的空间碎片并不适用;……