摘 要:在天文学中,不同类型的天体均有各自的命名传统和法则。天体命名是一门有内涵的专业学问。小行星自1800年发现以来,到2018年6月累计发现的总数超过75万个。 小行星除了冠以国际天文学联合会汇编的“小行星总表”数字顺序号外,还可以拥有一个只有该小行星的发现者或发现的天文台站才有权取的专名。到2018年6月,已有专名的小行星超过2万个。文章介紹二百年来小行星命名法则的由来、变迁和修订,并将其中几百个与古典音乐有关的专名分类载入4张表格,读者可以从中领略到在天文学家群体中,古典音乐爱好者为数不少,也不乏音乐素养很高的乐迷。
关键词:小行星,命名法则,古典音乐
中图分类号:P14;J6;N04 文献标识码:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8578.2018.03.015
Classical Music in Asteroid Family//LI Jing
Abstract:In astronomy, different types of celestial bodies have their own principle of nomenclature. Celestial body's nomenclature is a professional concept that full of connotation. From 1800, when the first asteroid was discovered, to June in 2018, more than 770 thousands asteroids were discovered. Except using the numeral sequence arranged by IAU, asteroids could also be named proper names by the discovers or astronomical observatory that discovered them, such as Rome, Black Sea, Hollywood, Tyrannosaur or Mickey Mouse etc. Until June in 2018, more than 20 thousands asteroids were given proper names. This article will introduce the origin, change and revise of asteroid nomenclature over 200 years, and put many of them which related to classic music, such as musicians, the roles in operas or ballets, terms in classical music and the actors in operas or ballets, in four forms. Readers could realize the reality that many astronomers were interested in classical music; some of them even had high education level in music.
Keywords:asteroid,nomenclature,classical music
收稿日期:2017-08-16 修回日期:2018-06-08
作者简介:李竞(1928—),男,中国科学院国家天文台研究员,国际天文学联合会会员,曾任全国自然科学名词审定委员会天文学名词审定委员会主任、《中国科技术语》编委,主要研究恒星物理、银河系天文、天文学史。通信方式:flute2207@qq.com。
一 天体命名法则的多样性
宇宙中有各式各样的天体,大到拥有以亿为计的恒星和星云的星系,以及由众多星系组成的星系团,小到我们太阳系中的小天体,中间层次的除了恒星和星团,还有不同波段的各种辐射源。随着各种望远镜威力的增进,天文学家面对的天体的数量之多,的确不易计数。然而,公众可曾料到,凡是记录在案的天体,全都各有其名,天文学家都能一一辨认。
在天文学中,天体的命名是有法则的。……