孙亚茹 赵海霞
[摘要] 神经麻痹性角膜炎,也称神经营养性角膜炎,为三叉神经遭受外伤、手术、炎症或肿瘤等破坏时,失去神经支配的角膜敏感性下降,出现角膜营养障碍,对外界有害因素的防御能力减弱,因而角膜上皮干燥,易受机械性损伤,严重者可能会导致角膜溃疡、融解和穿孔。神经麻痹性角膜炎的治疗目的是促进角膜愈合和防止角膜损伤的进展,治疗方法包括物理疗法、药物疗法、手术治疗等。近几年来,新的治疗策略,如局部应用神经生长因子疗法,着重于改善角膜的神经支配以及支持角膜的生长和愈合。
[关键词] 神经麻痹性角膜炎;物理治疗;药物治疗;睑缘缝合术;羊膜移植术;肉毒杆菌毒素A;神经生长因子
[中图分类号] R772 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2018)05(c)-0022-04
Advances in the treatment of neuroparalytic keratitis
SUN Yaru ZHAO Haixia
PRK Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010050, China
[Abstract] Neuroparalytic keratitis is also called as neurotrophic keratitis. When trigeminal nerve suffers from trauma, surgery, inflammation or tumor destruction, the sensitivity of cornea losing eneurosis will be decreased and the dystrophia will be occurred, the defense capability for the external harmful factors will be weakened, thus, the corneal epithelium will turn dry and be susceptible to mechanical damage. What's worse, it will probably result in corneal ulcer, fusion and perforation. The therapeutic aim of neuroparalytic keratitis is to promote corneal healing and prevent the progress of corneal damage. The treating methods include physical therapy, drug therapy, operative treatment, and so on. In recent years, the novel therapeutic strategies, such as local application of nerve growth factor, pay attention to improve the eneurosis of cornea and support corneal growth and healing.
[Key words] Neuroparalytic keratitis; Physical therapy; Drug therapy; Palpebral suture; Amniotic membrane transplantation; Botulinum toxin A; Nerve growth factor
神经麻痹性角膜炎,也称神经营养性角膜炎,为三叉神经遭受外伤、手术、炎症或肿瘤等破坏时,失去神经支配的角膜敏感性下降以及营养障碍,对外界有害因素的防御能力减弱,因而角膜上皮干燥,易受机械性损伤。神经麻痹性角膜炎的病变通常发生在中央或旁中央下方的角膜,最初体征为荧光素染色见浅层点状角膜上皮着染,继而出现片状上皮缺损,甚至出现大片无上皮区域。反射性瞬目减少,如果继发感染则演变为化脓性角膜溃疡,极易穿孔[1]。目前治疗神经麻痹性角膜炎主要是以缓解症状、改善体征为主[2],治疗方法主要包括物理治疗、药物治疗等,当物理治疗和药物治疗效果欠佳时,可考虑给予手术治疗。……