《黄帝内经》五脏概念的研究及其意义

摘要本文从大文化、大科学、大医学的视角，溯源求本，从《黄帝内经》研析中医五脏概念形成的文化背景、哲学基础及其医疗实践，认为《黄帝内经》的五脏，是古人将内脏形质作为物象，通过意象思维，产生功能特性“类概念”，并在天人合一观念指导下，纳入“四时法则”之中，从而形成了生长化收藏作核心内涵、精气阴阳五行为逻辑方法的五脏概念系统。同时，概念的形成还经历了理论与实践互动互证过程。此外，本文还就《黄帝内经》五脏概念的科学意义进行了研讨，指出中医五脏是一种结构性功能概念，乃中国系统思维的产物，在科学技术发展到综合阶段，包括五脏概念在内的中医理论，对于生命科学与医学科学的发展具有理论上科学意义和医疗实践的一定优势。

关键词黄帝内经；方法学；五脏；四时法则；意象思维；精气阴阳五行；气化之器

Research and Significance on the Concept of Five Internal Organs of Huangdi Neijing

Yan Jianhua

（Beijing University of Chinese Medicine， Beijing 100029， China）

AbstractFrom the perspectives of big culture， big science， and big medicine， this article traced back to the root， and analyzed the cultural background， philosophical foundation， and medical practice of the concept of the five internal organs of the TCM from Huangdi Neijing. It is believed that the five internal organs are ancient people who use internal organs as an object image to generate functional concepts “class concepts” through imagery thinking， and under the guidance of the concept of unity between man and nature， they incorporate it in the “fourseasons rule”， thus forming the concept system of the five internal organs with the core connotation of growing collection， the logical method of essential qiyin and yangfive elements. At the same time， the formation of the concept also experienced a process of interaction and mutual recognition between theory and practice. In addition， this article also discussed the scientific significance of the concept of five internal organs， and pointed out that the five internal organs of the TCM were a structural functional concept. It is the product of the Chinese system thinking. In the development of science and technology to the comprehensive stage， the TCM theories including the concept of five internal organs have certain advantages in the theoretical scientific significance and medical practice， for the development of life sciences and medical sciences.

Key WordsHuangdi Neijing； Methodology； Five internal organs； Four seasons rule； Imagery thinking； Essential qiyin and yangfive elements； Qi transformation

中圖分类号：R221文献标识码：Adoi：10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2018.05.001

北京中医药大学已故程士德教授于上世纪八十年代开展了《黄帝内经》理论体系的研究，其中藏象学说是基础，“四时五藏阴阳”又是学术突破点[1]。以此为方向，展开了文献整理、理论探讨、实验验证、临床应用的系统的科学探索。经过团队三十多年的努力，已经取得一批颇有价值的科研成果。在理论探讨中，从“四时五藏阴阳”入手，我们提出了“生命四时法则”[2]，并厘清了五脏概念的形成与内涵[3]。

1五脏概念形成的方法学

站在大文化、大科学、大医学高度，审视中国传统医学与近现代生物医学体系，它们的概念、理论差异的根本原因在于方法学的不同。……