中医药治疗小儿感冒的研究进展

李颉　李华

摘要感冒为临床常见病、多发病，小儿因生理病理不同于成人，疾病易发传变，不容小觑。感冒大部分病因为病毒感染，中医药治疗此病的历史久远，理论丰富且作用突出。现代中医治疗小儿感冒的方法多样，内治、外治法的研究众多，疗效显著。因此，中医治疗小儿感冒的有着广阔的前景。我辈医家应针对当代小儿感冒的疾病特点的变化在诊疗技术和理论上继承创新，并加强对中药防治感冒药物有效成分和作用机制的研究，加强大样本及动物实验的研究，以进一步促进中医药更好地防治小儿感冒。

关键词小儿感冒；中医；进展；研究概况；综述；中医治疗；内治法；外治法

Research Progress of Treating Cold in Children by Chinese Medicine

Li Jie， Li Hua

（Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine， Children′s Hospital of Shanghai， Children′s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University， Shanghai 200062， China）

AbstractCold is a common and frequentlyoccurring disease in clinical practice.Children have different physiological and pathological conditions from adults.The disease is easy to change， which cannot be underestimated.Most of the colds are caused by viral infections.Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of treating this disease， and its theory is rich and its role is outstanding.Modern Chinese medicine has a variety of methods for treating pediatric colds.There are many studies on internal and external treatments， and the curative effect is remarkable.Therefore， Chinese medicine has a broad prospect for treating children with colds.The doctors of my generation should continue to innovate in the diagnosis and treatment techniques and theories in response to the changes in the characteristics of contemporary pediatric colds， and strengthen the research on the active ingredients and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of cold medicines， and strengthen research on large samples and animal experiments to further promote Chinese medicine， and can better prevent and treat children′s colds.

Key WordsChildren cold； Traditional Chinese medicine； Research progress； Research overview； Review； TCM treatment； Internal treatment； External treatment

中图分类号：R242文献标识码：Adoi：10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2018.08.059

感冒是感受外邪引起的常見外感疾病，以发热、鼻塞流涕、喷嚏、咳嗽为主要临床特征。感冒轻者多为感受当令之气，称为伤风；重者多为感受非时之邪，称为重伤风；如在一段时间内广泛流行，证候类似，称为时行感冒。小儿肺脏娇嫩，脾常不足，神气怯弱，感邪之后异于成人，常见夹痰、夹滞、夹惊的兼证。

研究发现中国儿童感冒的病因中病毒感染地位突出，其中普通感冒以鼻病毒最常见（30%～50%）。儿童也是流行性感冒的高发人群，有监测结果显示在北京、上海冬春季和夏秋季均有流感流行高峰，学龄期儿童检出率最高[12]，在儿童中极易导致局部流行爆发。西医治疗上目前尚无专门针对普通感冒的特异性抗病毒药物，而过多使用甚至滥用抗菌药物是当下我国普通感冒治疗的误区，因此中医药治疗感冒的作用尤为突出[3]。……