贵州锦屏县野生藤本植物资源调查与分析

叶红环 苟光前 王灯 何选泽 王瑶 陈云飞

摘 要：為深入研究锦屏县野生藤本植物资源现状，更好地开发利用其野生藤本植物资源，通过野外调查、标本鉴定和查阅相关资料等相结合的方法，对该区野生藤本植物资源进行统计和分析。结果表明：该区藤本植物共计54科107属224种（含变种），其中蕨类植物1科1属1种，双子叶植物49科101属196种，单子叶植物4科5属27种，裸子植物缺乏。在科属构成上，以少种科（属）、单种科（属）为主；其地理成分复杂，有13个分布型7个亚型，具有明显的热带亲缘性，并受温带成分的重要影响，表现出由热带向温带渗透的特征。从生活型上，以木质藤本占绝对优势，草质藤本次之，且以高位芽类为主导，占总种数的6920%，而地面芽类、地下芽类、一年生类、地上芽类所占比例较小；从攀援方式上，以缠绕类藤本占优势，占总种数的3214%；始花期则集中在春季，有明显地顺季节性大幅递减的趋势。该区藤本植物资源丰富，应用前景广阔，需协调好科学保护与合理利用的关系。

关键词：锦屏；野生藤本植物；地理成分；生活型

中图分类号：Q9

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1008-0457（2018）04-0058-008 国际DOI编码：10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2018.04.009

Investigation and Analysis of Wild Vine Plant Resources in Jinping of Guizhou

YE Honghuan1，GOU Guangqian1*，WANG Deng2，HE Xuanze1，WANG Yao1，CHEN Yunfei1

（1. College of Life Sciences， Guizhou University， Guiyang， Guizhou 550025， China； 2. Forestry College， Guizhou University， Guiyang， Guizhou 550025， China）

Abstract：This study investigates wild vine resources in Jinping County of Guizhou Province， with a view to improve their exploration and utilization. We analyzed the composition and diversity of the wild vines using the methods of field investigation， specimen identification and literature survey. The results showed that there are 224 vine species （including varieties） in total， belonging to 104 genera and 54 families in this area. These wild vine plants consisted of one family， one genus and one species of pteridophytes； 49 families， 101 genera and 196 species of dicotyledon lianas and four families， five genera and 27 species of monocotyledon lianas. Gymnosperm is absent in this area. The flora is dominated by families and genera which contain few genera and few species or single genus and single species. The geographical elements are complex. There are 13 distributional types and seven sub types， with obvious tropical affinities and greatly influenced by temperate elements， showing the characteristics of infiltration by tropical elements to temperate zone. In terms of life-forms， wood vines occupy absolute dominant position and herbaceous vines are in the second position. Phaenerophyte vines outnumber all others， accounting for 69.02% of the total species； while underground buds， therophytes， chamaephytes and hemicryptophytes account for a lower proportion. In terms of climbing styles， twining vine is dominant， accounting for 32.14% of the total species. The initial flowering period is mainly concentrated in the spring for the majority of the vines， and number of flowering species shows a trend of decreasing sharply along the seasons. The wild vines resources are rich in this area and can have broad prospects for being ustilised. The relationship between scientific protection of these resources and their rational utilization should be appropriately coordinated.

Key words：Jinping； wild vine； geographical element； life-form

将不能自由直立，需通过主茎缠绕、攀援、吸咐等方式生长的植物称为藤本植物，包括木质、草质藤本。藤本植物不仅是区别温带森林和热带亚热带森林的显著特征，还是热带亚热带生物量和物种多样性的重要贡献者[1-3]。且在体现热带、亚热带森林外貌和结构特征的同时，也是群落动态的重要影响因素[4-6]。……