朱永建 舒建昌 陈健鑫 黄海锋
【摘要】急性胰腺炎可以严重影响机体代谢,进而出现急性营养不良,且营养不良又是影响危重患者预后的独立危险因素。越来越多的证据表明营养支持在急性胰腺炎综合治疗中具有重要意义。急性胰腺炎的营养支持观念也从简单的“营养支持”上升到“营养治疗”的高度。因此,各方围绕急性胰腺炎营养支持治疗的供给途径、肠内营养给予时机及方式和肠内营养成分等方面进行了广泛研究。该文对急性胰腺炎的营养支持治疗的有关进展进行综述。
【关键词】急性胰腺炎;营养支持治疗;研究进展;综述
【Abstract】Acute pancreatitis can severely affect the metabolism of the body, thereby leading to acute malnutrition. Malnutrition is also an independent risk factor for predicting clinical prognosis of critically ill patients. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that nutrition support plays a significant role in the comprehensive treatment of acute pancreatitis. The concept of nutrition support has been upgraded from “nutrition support” to “nutrition therapy”. Consequently, extensive studies have been conducted to analyze the route of supply, timing and approach of enteral nutrition and composition of enteral nutrition. In this article, research progress on the nutrition support therapy for acute pancreatitis was summarized.
【Key words】Acute pancreatitis; Nutrition support therapy; Research progress; Review
急性胰腺炎(AP)是指多種病因引起的胰酶激活,继以胰腺局部炎症反应为主要特征,伴或不伴有其他器官功能改变的疾病。临床上,20%~30%患者病情凶险,总体病死率为5%~10%[1]。AP的能量代谢呈现出高分解、高代谢状态,其中蛋白质的分解代谢可增加80%,患者很快出现严重的负氮平衡和低蛋白血症;葡萄糖耐受性由于胰岛内分泌功能的破坏和胰岛素抵抗,可减弱40%~50%,导致大部分患者出现高血糖;在脂质代谢上由于糖类代谢的紊乱,机体脂肪分解增加,引起高脂血症,而严重的高脂血症又是AP的一大病因;重症患者往往还存在电解质、微量元素和维生素的代谢紊乱,如低钙血症等,由此引起免疫功能紊乱、败血症及伤口愈合迟缓等[2]。由于AP患者急性营养不良多见,且营养不良是影响危重患者预后的独立危险因素,因此营养支持成为了AP综合治疗的重要一环。……