摘 要:本文在对新乡贤的内涵进行再界定的基础上,把当下的新乡贤分为“精英型新乡贤”和“平民型新乡贤”,并根据他们的收入来源和生活居住空间是否在乡村社会,分为“在场的新乡贤”和“不在场的新乡贤”。不同类型的新乡贤也影响了他们参与乡村振兴的角色作用和路径方式。精英型新乡贤由于属于“不在场乡贤”,主要是作为第三种力量和参与者介入,通过捐资捐物、建议献策的方式参与乡村振兴;“平民型新乡贤”作为乡村振兴主体中的带头人,以自己的时间、精力、技术和文化,投入到农业生产、文化礼俗、公共品供给、乡村治理、生态文明建设中来。他们也可以组成乡贤理事会、村落理事会等,动员更广泛的村民参与到乡村振兴中来。
关键词:乡村振兴;精英型新乡贤;平民型新乡贤
中图分类号:C912.3
文献标识码:A
文章编号:1000-5099(2018)03-0127-08
Abstract:Based on the redefinition of new local talents, new local talents can be divided into elite local talents and common local talents, and present local talents and non-present local talents according to their source of income and living space being in rural areas or not. Different types of talents influence their way of participation and role in rural revitalization. Elite local talents as non-present talents, with the third force and participant as their roles, help revitalize rural areas mainly by donating funds and materials, as well as giving suggestions; common local talents as leading role of subject in rural revitalization, they devote their time, energy, skills, and culture to agricultural production, cultural customs, public supply and rural governance, construction of ecological civilization. They are also part of local talents council, village council, to encourage more rural residents to take part in rural revitalization initiative.
Key words:rural revitalization, new elite local talents, new common local talents
一、问题的提出
党的十九大提出了“产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕”的乡村振兴战略目标。然而,实现乡村振兴的目标关键在于“人才”,在乡村社会衰落和人财物大量流失的背景下,缺乏有效引领乡村振兴的精英。如何寻找合适、有效的振兴人才,就成为当下乡村振兴需要考虑的重大问题。在这一背景下,乡贤资源作为一种历史传统和当代的新型精英重新进入了人们的视野。新乡贤作为乡土社会有资材、有知识、有道德、有情怀的贤达人士[1],能够利用自身的资源和影响力为实现乡村振兴,建立德治、法治和自治合一的乡村治理体系,提供智力支持和资源支持。……