2017年6月1日闽北大暴雨过程分析

2018-09-10 03:29:11刘颖灏李霖余建华
农业灾害研究 2018年3期

刘颖灏 李霖 余建华

摘要 利用常规资料和非常规资料对2017年6月1日闽北大暴雨过程进行分析。结果表明:强降水过程是发生在高层有低槽东移和低层为切变东移南压(并有西南风急流配合)、切变南侧的风速辐合的有利天气形势下。从物理场看,强降水过程暴雨区有充足的水汽供应,暴雨区上空有强的上升运动(水汽通量散度场上为低层有较强的水汽通量辐合,高层有较强的水汽通量辐散的配置;涡度场上为低层正涡度、高层负涡度的配置;散度场上为低层辐合高层辐散的配置)。从雷达资料(结合区域自动站雨量资料)看,强降水过程是由絮状强雷雨回波带东移南压影响造成;过程短时强降水特征明显;雨强≥10 mm/h的短时强降水主要是由强度为45~55 dBz的回波强核持续影响造成。

关键词 大暴雨;短时强降水;列车效应

中图分类号:P458 文献标识码:A 文章编号:2095-3305(2018)02-056-04

DOI: 10.19383/j.cnki.nyzhyj.2018.03.024

Abstract The heavy rain process in northern Fujian on June 1, 2017 was analyzed using conventional data and unconventional data. The results showed that the strong precipitation process occurred in the favorable weather conditions of the high velocity troughs moving eastward and the convergence of low level moving eastward and southward (and was cooperated with the southwest wind jet stream) and the wind speed moving south side Seen from the physics field, there was ample supply of water vapor in the rainstorm area during the heavy precipitation, and there was a strong upward movement over the rainstorm area (the water vapor flux divergence field was the configuration of strong moisture flux convergence at the lower level, and strong moisture flux divergence at the upper level; the vorticity field was the configuration of low level positive vorticity and high level negative vorticity; the divergence field was the configuration of low level convergent and high level divergence). See from the radar data (combined with automatic station rainfall data), the heavy precipitation process was caused by the impacts of the flocculent strong thunderstorm echo belt moving to eastward and southward; the characteristics of short term heavy rainfall were obvious; the short term heavy rainfall with the rain intensity greater than or equal to 10 mm/h was mainly caused by the continuous influence of the intensive echo group with an intensity of 45-55 dBz.

Key words Heavy rain; Short term heavy rainfall; Train effect

2017年5月31日20:00至6月1日20:00福建省南平市出现了暴雨、大暴雨天气过程,全市10个县市(区)共有204个乡镇日雨量超过50 mm,其中有6个县市(区)53个乡镇日雨量超过100 mm,以武夷山岚谷乡黎口村143.3 mm為最大(图1)。过程短时强降水特征明显,过程1、3、6 h最大雨量分别为66.2 mm (6月1日16:00—17:00,松溪茶平乡刘屯村)、81.7 mm(6月1日16:00—19:00,顺昌埔上镇)、107.5 mm(6月1日10:00—16:00,浦城水北街镇双墩村)。文中利用常规资料和非常规资料对该次大暴雨天气过程进行了分析总结,旨在加深认识,以提高对该类大暴雨天气过程的分析和预报水平。

1 天气背景分析

2017年5月31日20:00 500 hpa高度图上(图2a),中高纬环流为两槽一脊型,脊位于贝加尔湖附近,西槽位于乌拉尔山到巴尔喀什湖一带, 东槽位于我国东北到日本海一带,其槽底伸到黄海、东海一带,槽后脊前西北气流带来的冷空气从东路南下影响我国。……

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