邓树荣 庞传伟 唐作佳
摘要 利用常规气象观测和加密自动站资料以及卫星多普勒雷达资料,对2015年4月20日桂林强对流过程进行诊断分析。结果表明:此次过程是由MCS造成的以短时暴雨为主的复合型强对流,双逆温层条件下由辐射加热和西南暖湿急流存储的巨大不稳定能量,主要由低空强辐合和大振幅高空槽触发抬升,高层强辐散进一步加强了气流上升,合适的环境条件还造成了大风和冰雹天气;此外,使用V-3θ图更易发现和预报此次过程。
关键词 天气过程;背景场;探空
中图分类号:P458.12 文献标识码:A 文章编号:2095-3305(2018)03-060-03
DOI: 10.19383/j.cnki.nyzhyj.2018.03.025
Abstract Based on data of conventional meteorological observation, encrypted automatic station, satellite and Doppler radar, a severe convection weather process occurred on April 20, 2015 in Guilin was diagnosed and studied. The results showed that this process was a composite severe convection caused by MCS, which was dominated by short term rainstorms. A large amount of unstable energy stored by radiation heating and southwest warm and wet jet stream under the condition of double inversion layer was mainly triggered by low space strong convergence and large amplitude high slot. Upper level severe divergence further enhanced air stream uplift. The right conditions also resulted in high winds and hail. In addition, V 3θ diagram were made to facilitate the discovery and prediction of the process.
Key words Weather process; Background field; Radiosonde
广西壮族自治区位于云贵高原东南缘,地势西高东低,四周多山地、丘陵环绕,每年春季广西中北部具有较强的高空急流,冷暖空气在此频繁交汇,大风、冰雹等强对流天气频发。强对流天气具有突发性强、灾害重、预报难等特点,气象工作者长期致力于对其分析研究。V-3θ图是利用大气中温、压、湿、风的垂直分布判断大气滚流对天气演变的影响来预报天气转折性变化。笔者利用常规气象观测和加密自动站资料,以及卫星、多普勒雷达资料,并绘制桂林站V-3θ图,对2015年4月19—20日桂林强对流过程进行诊断分析,为强对流天气预报预警提供依据。
1 天气过程概况
2015年4月19日约17:00到次日凌晨03:00,桂林市自北向南出现了一次暴雨、冰雹、大风的强对流天气:桂林中部普降暴雨,局部大暴雨,最大雨量为桂林朝阳乡125.9 mm(图1);临桂、桂林、资源、恭城4县出现冰雹;灵川、恭城、临桂、资源、永福、龙胜、兴安、桂林出现8级以上短时大风。……