陈静雯



摘 要:本文利用MICAPS数据资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、常规观测数据和多普勒雷达资料等,从大尺度环流形势演变、影响系统、探空资料、水汽条件及能量分析等方面对这次华北低涡影响下的一次暴雨伴冰雹天气过程进行了分析。结果表明:充足的水汽条件、不稳定层结(低层暖空气高层冷平流)、外部抬升力和触发条件等条件同时满足,易导致强对流性天气的产生;适宜的0℃层和-20℃层高度有利于雹粒的增长,易发生冰雹天气。通过对本次过程的雷达反射率图和剖面图的分析可知,强回波(65dBZ以上)与0℃和-20℃温度层的高度、三体散射和有界弱回波区的出现是判断冰雹发生的明显依据,为以后在预报这类天气时提供重要参考。
关键词:华北低涡;暴雨;冰雹;雷达回波
中图分类号:P458.121.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5168(2018)04-0155-06
Analysis of a Strong Convective Weather Process Caused by North
China Low Vortex in Xinxiang
CHEN Jingwen
(Fengqiu Meteorological Administration,Fengqiu Hennan 453300)
Abstract: Based on Micaps data, NCEP 1°×1°reanalysis data, the conventional observed meteorological data and Doppler Radar data, the severe convection weather and hailing caused by north China low vortex in Xinxiang was analyzed by synoptic analysis method ,energy analysis method, physical quantity analysis method and radar data analysis method. The results showed that the severe convection weather occurs easily when the sufficient water vapor and instability (the warm and moisture air at low layer and the cold advection in upper air) and the outer rising force and trigger condition are all suitable. An appropriate height about 0 ℃ layer and -20 ℃ layer will be advantageous to the hail augmentation and hail. We analyzed radar reflectivity images and radar echo reflectivity cross section about this severe convection weather. As for hail, the typical echo characters include strong echo(over 65,dBZ)and an appropriate height about 0 ℃ layer and -20 ℃ layer, WER (Weak Echo Region) or BWER (Boundary WER), TBSS (Three-Body Scatter Spider). Thus, it provided us some important clues, aids in forecasting this kind of weather before long.
Keywords: North China low vortex;torrential rain;hail;radar echo
1 研究背景
強对流天气是夏季经常出现的一种灾害性天气现象,具有过程强度大、天气现象剧烈的特点,发生时常伴有短时强降水、大风、冰雹和龙卷风等激烈的天气现象,且往往会引发山洪、泥石流等严重的自然灾害和城市积水、内涝等灾害,给人民生产、生活造成极大的危害和经济损失。近年来,国内很多学者都对强对流天气进行了多方面研究。毛冬艳[1]总结了近几年我国强对流天气主要业务进展,提出强对流业务未来发展的方向和主要任务。朱乾根等[2]等总结了发生在我国的强对流天气所需的基本条件。张一平[3-6]等则对河南地区的伴有冰雹过程的强对流天气进行了中尺度天气背景、各个物理量和雷达回波特征的详细分析和研究。……