邵秀芳
摘要 通过对皖南贡菊主要病虫害发生情况的调查,掌握其种类和田间消长动态,对其发生特点及发生原因进行分析,并从农业防治、生物防治、物理防治、化学防治等方面对贡菊病虫害的防治进行阐述,以期为皖南贡菊主要病虫害的科学防控提供参考。
关键词 皖南;贡菊;病虫害;农业防治;化学防治;绿色防控
中图分类号:S436.8 文献标识码:A 文章编号:2095-3305(2018)03-077-02
DOI: 10.19383/j.cnki.nyzhyj.2018.03.031
Abstract Through the investigation on the occurrence of main diseases and insect pests of florists chrysanthemum in Southern Anhui, its species and the dynamics of growth and decline were mastered, and its occurrence characteristics and causes were analyzed. The prevention and control of chrysanthemum diseases and insect pests from the aspects of agricultural control, biological control, physical control and chemical control was expounded, so as to provide reference for scientific prevention and control of main diseases and insect pests of florists chrysanthemum.
Key words Southern Anhui; Florists chrysanthemum; Diseases and insect pests; Agricultural control; Chemical control; Green prevention and control
隨着种植业结构供给侧调整及社会经济的发展,近几年皖南贡菊的种植面积逐年扩大,但连年种植导致病虫害发生日益加重,为确保贡菊安全、高产、优质,笔者探索出一套贡菊绿色防控技术。
1 贡菊主要病虫害及发生规律
1.1 褐斑病
从苗期到采收均可发病,主要危害叶片,由下至上蔓延。初期病斑圆形,黄色至褐色,边缘明显;后期病斑中心变为灰褐色至灰黑色,并生有许多小黑点,严重时叶片干枯。多发生在高温、高湿季节,温度24~28℃,相对湿度85%以上易发病。梅雨季节、连作、通风不良、偏施氮肥发病均重。
1.2 霜霉病
危害叶片、茎、花蕾等,病叶下面出现界限不清的块斑,叶背病斑产生白色至淡褐色霜霉。该病与温、湿度有关,高湿条件下,夜温8~15℃,白天温度低于25℃,孢子囊最宜萌发;种植密度大的田块,最易发病。春秋雨多,湿度大,病害易发生流行,3月上旬至5月中旬为一流行阶段,主要危害期5月中下旬,病菌潜伏在植株上越夏;到9月中下旬,在低洼高湿的菊苗上首先发病,遇低温多雨气候,病害迅速传播,造成秋季流行。……