产业转移中要素资源错配对经济效率的影响研究

郭将 蒋婕

摘 要：新型產业转移要求转移双方相辅相成，若两者无法有效协作便会出现一定程度的错配，从而损失产业转移中的经济效率。文中选取2005—2015年东部10省和中部6省三次产业的数据，测算出两个区域三次产业中资本和劳动力的错配程度，从而将由此导致的经济效率损失进行量化。结果表明与最优配置相比，资本在东部地区三次产业中均表现出过剩，劳动力过剩在中部地区第二产业中凸显，且三次产业中第三产业的产出缺口最为明显。结合实证结果，试图分析要素资源错配在产业转移中的影响作用，并对上述两区域间的产业转移，提出找准第三产业为突破口等建议。

关键词：资源错配；产业转移；经济效率

中图分类号：F 014.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-7312（2018）03-0293-05

Abstract：The transfer of new industries requires the transfer of both sides complement each other.If the two cannot be effective collaborated，there will be a certain degree of mismatch，thus losing the economic efficiency of industrial transfer.This paper selected the data of the three industries in the eastern and central provinces of China from 2005 to 2015，and measured the degree of mismatch between capital and labor in the three industries in the two regions，so as to quantify the economic efficiency loss.The results show that capital has shown excess surplus in the three industries in the eastern region compared with the optimal allocation，while the labor surplus is highlighted in the secondary industry in the central region，and the output gap of the tertiary industry in the tertiary industry is the most obvious.Combined with the empirical results，this paper tried to analyze the influence of factor resource mismatch in the industrial transfer，and put forward the suggestion of identifying the tertiary industry as the breakthrough point for the industrial transfer between the above two regions.

Key words：mismatched resources；industrial transfer；economy efficiency

0 引 言

产业转移在一定程度上为缓解区域差距的持续扩大实现均衡发展，寻找中国经济新的增长点提供了新思路[1]。随着国内经济形势不断变化，改革初期助力中国经济腾飞的非均衡发展战略开始发生转变[2-3]。非均衡发展战略下，东部沿海地区利用自身优势和国家倾斜的经济政策实现高速增长，然而随之而来的区域差距扩大问题伴随着收入差距的扩大和整体经济发展增速的放缓，甚至会出现社会动荡，进而威胁国家发展和社会安全[4]。尤其是经济进入新常态，增速放缓，东部地区发展到一定高度之后要想再次实现高速增长需要大量创新，同时东部地区相对短缺的资源，意味着再次将经济增长的着眼点放在东部面临着高昂的成本和不确定性。……