张道玉

摘 要:外汇储备作为应付国际支付需要的重要资产,近年来,波动不断。本文运用多元回归模型和因子分析法,对影响外汇储备规模的因素进行研究。结果表明汇率与外汇储备存在此消彼长的关系,其他变量与外汇储备规模存在正相关关系。之后,运用因子分析法对各变量之间的关系进行探讨,发现近几年,出口、GDP、外商直接投资、进口、汇率、外债余额、经常项目上有超过70%的载荷,对整个外汇储备规模影响较大,而外汇储备规模的缩水是由于资本外逃产生的结果。并针对这一结果,提出相应的对策建议。
关键词:多元回归;因子分析;外汇储备;汇率;资本外逃
中图分类号:F 224.5 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-7312(2018)03-0306-06
Abstract:Foreign exchange reserves have been fluctuating in recent years as an important asset to meet the international payment needs.In this paper,multiple regression models and factor analysis are used to study the factors influencing the scale of foreign exchange reserves.The results show that the exchange rate and foreign exchange reserves exist in the relationship between the other,and other variables and foreign exchange reserves have a positive correlation. After the analysis of the relationship between the variables,we found that in recent years,exports, GDP, foreign direct investment, import, exchange rate, foreign debt balance, the current project has more than 70% of the load, the entire foreign exchange reserves The size of the larger impact, and the decline in the size of foreign exchange reserves is due to the results of capital flight. And for this result, put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.
Key words:multiple regression; factor analysis;foreign exchange reserves;exchange rate; capital flight.
0 引 言
改革开放以来,经过30多年的发展,中国经济取得的巨大的成就,让世界瞩目。特别是加入WTO以来,经济更是两位数字增长,令世界震惊。在此期间,中国对外贸易也变得频繁,频繁的对外贸易,带来了中国外汇储备的急剧增长。2006年2月底,中国外汇储备8 536.72亿美元,首次超越日本成为世界第一,日本当时的外汇储备为8 500.6亿美元。很快,在2006年年底,中国外汇储备突破万亿美元[1]。在随后的几年里,中国外汇储备超额增长,截止2014年6月,中国外汇储备达到历史最高,一度接近4万亿美元,为39 932.13亿美元。但是高额的外汇储备不能总是维持在高位,之后外汇储备开始缩水。到2017年3月,我国外汇储备缩水到30 090.88亿美元。曾经高额的外汇储备,在短短两年多的时间里缩水接近10 000亿美元,无不引发人们的深思,是什么原因导致这一切的发生,而影响外汇储备的因素又是哪些呢?……