Silent Spring（selected）

精彩导读

人类对环境的污染，正以不知不觉的方式进行。人类可能将面临一个没有鸟、蜜蜂和蝴蝶的寂静世界。本文节选自《寂静的春天》，以寓言开头向我们描绘了一个美丽村庄的突变，并从植物到地区到人类自身，全方位地揭示了化学农药的危害。作者借此向世人发出警告，要人们立即认识到可能会面临的巨大灾难，并采取行动保护环境。Pre-reading

Spring is a time when everything thrives.It is a lively and hopeful season.What does the author mean by describing it to be silent？

There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings.The town lay in the midst of prosperous farms， where， in spring， white clouds of flowers above the green fields.In autumn，oak and maple and birch（桦树）set up a blaze （火焰）of color that flamed and flickered（闪烁）across a background of pines.Then foxes barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields.

Along the roads，wildflowers delighted the traveler's eye through much of the year.Even in winter the roadsides were places of beauty，where countless birds came to feed on the berries and on the seed heads of the dried weeds rising above the snow.The countryside was， in fact， famous for the abundance and variety of its bird life，and when the flood of migrants was pouring through in spring and fall people traveled from great distances to observe them.Others came to fish the streams，which flowed clear and cold out of the hills and contained shady（成荫的）pools where trout （鲑鱼）lay.So it had been from the days many years ago when the first settlers raised their houses， sank their wells， and built their barns（谷仓）.

Then some evil spells（符咒）settled on the community:mysteriousdiseasessweptthe flockso chickens;the cattle and sheep sickened and died.In the town the doctors were more and more puzzled b new kinds of sickness appearing among their patients.There had been several sudden and unexplained deaths，not only among adults but even among children.

There was a strange stillness.The birds，for example—where had they gone?The feeding stations in the backyards were deserted.The few birds seen anywhere trembled violently and could not fly.It was a spring without voices;there was now no sound only silence lay over the fields and woods and marsh.

The roadsides， once so attractive， were now lined with browned and withered （枯萎的）plant as though swept by fire.There deserted by all living things， it,too， was silent.Even the streams were now lifeless.Anglers（钓鱼者）no longer visited them，for all the fish had died.

Some weeks before,a white powder had fallen like snow upon the roofs and the lawns，the fields and streams.

No witchcraft（魔法），no enemy action had silenced the rebirth of new life in this,in this stricken world.The people had done it themselves.

This town does not actually exist.I know of no community that has experienced all the misfortunes describe.Yet every one of these disasters has actually happened somewhere，and many real communities have already suffered a substantial number o them，and this imagined tragedy may easily become a harsh reality we all shall know.

立意呈现

Read the passage and complete the form.One word for each blank.

【点石成金】对比手法在科普性说明文章中有着广泛的运用，对比包括数据的对比，观点和看法的对比，和不同现象的对比等。在本文中，作者采用小镇被污染前和被污染后呈现的植物、动物和人的巨大改变对比描述，有效地传递了作者要强调的信息，突出了人类滥用化学药品的巨大危害，使文章具有一种强大的震撼力量。同学们应该学会提炼这样的变化特点，感受污染的巨大危害性和环保的重要性。

阅读扫障

Ⅰ.熟词生义

Ⅱ.热词积累

Vocabulary

1.prosperous adj.booming;promising； （of plants）growing well繁荣的

2.delight v.give pleasure to or be pleasing to使高兴

3.abundance n.the property of a more than adequate quantity or supply充足；丰富

4.raise v.to cause，produce，raise建立；修建

5.sweep v.spread rapidly在……迅速传播

6.tremble v.shake slightly because of fright or cold发抖；打颤；担心；恐惧

7.misfortune n.something unpleasant or unlucky that happens to someone不幸；灾难；灾祸

8.suffer v.undergo or be subjected to遭受；经历

Phrases

1.in the heart of在……中央

2.in harmony with与……和谐相处

3.set up建立；修建

4.feed on以……为食；以……为能源

5.pour though流入；涌入

6.settle on停歇在；栖于

7.be puzzled by被……所困惑；被……所迷惑

8.as though好像；仿佛

9.a substantial number of多种

10.a harsh reality残酷的现实

Ⅲ.难句分析

1.There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings.The town lay in the midst of prosperous farms， where， in spring， white clouds of flowers above the green fields.从前，在美国中部有一个城镇，这里的一切生物看来与其周围环境生活得很和谐。这个城镇坐落在繁荣的农场中央。春天，繁花像白色的云朵点缀在绿色的原野上。

本句是There be句型，其中包含where引导的两个定语从句，分别修饰“a town”和“The town”。 先行词是表示“地点”或任何含有“抽象地点意义”的名词时一般用where引导定语从句。

2.In autumn，oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of color that flamed and flickered across a background of pines.Then foxes barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields.秋天到了，橡树、枫树和桦树色彩斑斓，在一片松树林间火焰般地燃烧与跳跃。狐狸在小山上叫着，小鹿静悄悄地穿过了笼罩着秋天晨雾的原野。

首句是that引导的定语从句，修饰名词color。flamed and flickered意为“燃烧与跳跃”，采用的是英语押头韵的修辞手法，类似的还有pride and prejudice（傲慢与偏见），safe and sound （平平安安），now o never（机不可失，失不再来）。押头韵的修辞手法一般在诗歌、散文、广告、演讲等文体中应用广泛。此处使用“flamed and flickered”能使语言读起来更具有音韵美，借此比喻橡树、枫树和桦树色彩斑斓，更加突出了以前小镇的秋天美感，更具有画面感了。第2句中的barked和silently为一动和一静的效果，分别描写狐狸的叫唤声和小鹿静静穿过原野的动作。

主题应用·语库构建

Ⅰ.热词积累

save water节约用水

turn off the lights/taps关灯/关掉水龙头

plant more trees and flowers多种花草树木

protect drinking water保护饮用水

pick up some rubbish捡起垃圾

reduce pollution and waste减少污染和浪费

keep clean and tidy保持清洁

more and more beautiful越来越漂亮

make full use of充分利用

the shared bikes共享单车

Car-free Day无车日

World Environment Day世界环境日

renewable resource recycling可再生资源回收

Ⅱ.美句背诵

保护环境的重要性

1.With the development of our society，energy in the world becomes more and more limited，so it is quite important for us to save energy and to protec our environment.

随着我们社会的发展，世界能源变得越来越有限因此节约能源，保护环境对我们而言尤为重要。

2.We have only one earth.So it is necessary to protect our natural environment.We must take steps immediately to protect our earth.

我们只有一个地球，所以保护我们的自然环境很有必要。我们必须立即行动起来，保护我们的地球。

3.Particular emphasis should be put on the preservation of natural resources.

我们必须重视保护自然资源。

4.We all need clear air to breathe;we all need clean water to drink;we all need green places to enjoy.

我们都需要呼吸新鲜的空气，我们都需要饮用洁净的水，我们都需要享受绿地。

5.I think that it is of vital importance for people to realize that they are an integral part of nature，the destruction of which means the dying out of themselves.

人类必须认识到自己是自然的一部分，自然的毁灭也意味着人类自身的灭亡。我认为这是非常非常重要的

6.The polluted air does great harm to people's

natural disaster自然灾害

drought旱灾

flood水灾

air/water/noise pollution空气污染/水污染/噪音污染

waste water废水

white pollution白色污染

acid rain酸雨

Greenhouse Effect温室效应

smog and haze雾霾

endangered wildlife濒危野生动物

be seriously polluted严重被污染

cut down the trees砍伐树木

disposable chopsticks一次性筷子

throw away rubbish everywhere到处乱扔垃圾

plastic bags塑料袋

die out灭绝

environmental protection/conservation环境保护

conserve natural habitats保护生存环境

enhance the awareness of environmental protection

提高环保意识

maintain ecological balance保持生态平衡

nature reserve自然保护区

sustainable development strategy可持续发展战略

pleasant living environment宜人的生活环境

save energy节能

greening space绿化面积

landscape风景

natural scenery自然风光

tourist attraction旅游胜地

reduce greenhouse gas emission减排

environment-friendly product环保产品

garbage classification垃圾分类

bring the pollution under control治理环境污染

recycle paper and books再利用纸张和书籍

take measures采取措施

low-carbon life低碳生活

make contributions to protecting the environment

为环保做贡献

beauty of the nature大自然之美

save energy节约能源health.The polluted water causes diseases and death.

污染的空气对人类的健康十分有害。污染的水引起疾病，造成死亡。

7.Water and land are our heritage and ultimate wealth.

绿水青山，就是金山银山。

8.There is a grand task to perform and a long way to go.

任重而道远。

忽视环境保护的后果

1.We are living in the world of pollution.There are many kinds of pollution around us，such as water pollution and air pollution...

现在我们生活在一个污染的世界里。我们身边就有各种污染，如水污染和空气污染……

2.Many kinds of fishes have been dead because of the serious water pollution.

许多鱼因为严重的水污染而死亡。

3.The flood washed away our farmland.The river is not clean any more.

洪水冲毁了我们的农田。河水不再清澈。

4.Where are those green hills and nice water?那些青山绿水都哪儿去了？

5.The problem of air pollution becomes even more serious.

空气污染问题变得更加严重。

6.The more plastic bags we use，the more likely we are to suffer in health.

使用的塑料袋越多，对我们的健康越不利。

7.Once a car starts，it releases huge amount of dirty gas and heat，which leads to great pollution and results in Greenhouse Effect.

一旦汽车起动，它释放大量的尾气和热量，这会导致很大的污染和温室效应。

8.Water is one of the most needed and exposed substances in our daily life，but it is now also precious.

水是我们日常最需要，也是接触最多的物质之一，然而如今水也变得珍贵了。

保护环境的措施和方法

1.More regulations should be made and carried out by authorities concerned to punish environmental damage.In addition，individuals must work together to create sustainable surroundings.

有关部门需要制定更多的法规，并将其贯彻实施，以惩罚破坏环境的行为。另外，人们应该共同努力，来创建一个可持续的环境。

2.Our government should take a leading role in raising public awareness of the environment and encouraging participation in its protection.

我们的政府应该起带头作用，增强公众环保意识并鼓励他们参与环保。

3.There is still a long way to go for environmental conservation，since it needs time to sink in life before all the people autonomously have the awareness of protecting environment and apply it into routine life.

环保的路仍然很长，因为在所有的人自主地具有环保意识并在日常生活中去实践以前，环保还需要时间去渗透于生活之中。

4.Do not throw rubbish onto the ground.Do no waste water.Use both sides of paper when you write.Stop using plastic bags for shopping.

不要扔垃圾在地上。不要浪费水。当你写字时在纸的两面都要写。停止使用塑料袋购物。

5.My suggestion is that we should ride bikes more often instead of driving cars.By riding a bike，we can not only exercise our body but also protec our environment.

我的建议是我们应该更经常骑自行车而不是开车。骑自行车不仅能锻炼身体，也能保护环境。

6.We can turn off the lights as well as other appliances when we are not using them.

当我们不用电灯以及其他电器时就可以关掉它们。

7.I will try to use things that can be recycled and I never forget to turn off the lights when I leave the classroom.

我将尝试使用可以回收的东西，当我离开教室时我永远不会忘记关灯。

【热点跟踪】

环境是当今社会的一个核心话题，保护校园环境是每一位师生共同的责任和义务。然而，现在的校园中随意涂写（to scribble）和乱扔垃圾（to litter）的现象却屡见不鲜。请写一篇150字左右的作文，概括现象，谈谈你的看法，并提出改善的建议。

【规范写作】