郭菲娜 李物华



摘 要 目的:分析影响社区高血压患者血压控制不良的因素。方法:在上海市徐汇区枫林街道社区某团队五位全科医生管理的高血压患者中筛选出162例血壓控制不良者和178例血压控制优良者,两组患者平均年龄分别为(70.63±11.43)岁和(70.54±10.42)岁。回顾性调查研究对象的健康状况(1年平均血压、高血压危险分层、体重指数、并发症),生活方式(吸烟、饮酒、运动情况),以及规律服药情况。结果:血压控制不良组高血压患者经常饮酒、每天吸烟和不运动的比例均高于血压控制优良组(P<0.05);参加社区健康教育讲课和规律服药的比例要低于血压控制优良组(P<0.01)。结论:不良生活方式和服药依从性差是影响社区高血压患者血压控制的重要因素,提示应通过加强健康教育,纠正不良生活方式,提高服药依从性,从而提高高血压患者的血压控制水平。
关键词 高血压;血压控制不良;因素
中图分类号:R544.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2018)16-0036-02
Analysis of adverse blood pressure control factors in hypertensive patients in the community
GUO Feina, LI Wuhua(Preventive and Health Care Department of Fenglin Community Health Service Center of Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the factors that affected poor blood pressure control in hypertensive patients in the community. Methods: A total of 162 patients with poor blood pressure control and 178 patients with good blood pressure control were screened out from the management by a team of five general practitioners in Fenglin Community of Xuhui District, Shanghai. The average ages of the two groups were (70.63±11.43) years old and (70.54±10.42) years old, respectively. The health status of research objects(1 year mean blood pressure, risk stratification for hypertension, body mass index, complications), lifestyle(smoking, drinking, exercise), and compliance with medication were retrospectively investigated and studied. Results: The proportion of regular alcohol consumption, daily smoking, and no exercise in the poor blood pressure control group was higher than that in the good blood pressure control group(P<0.05); the proportion of patients participating in community health education lectures and medication compliance in the poor blood pressure control group was lower than that in the good blood pressure control group(P<0.01). Conclusion: Poor compliance is still an important factor affecting blood pressure control in hypertensive patients in the community. It is suggested that health education and publicity should be strengthened to correct unhealthy lifestyle and improve medication compliance so as to raise blood pressure control level in patients with hypertension.
KEY WORDS hypertension; poor blood pressure control; factor
随着我国经济的快速发展和人民生活水平的提高,社会老龄化进程的加快,社区慢性病的发病呈上升趋势,高血压的发病率也相应增高[1]。目前上海全市采用慢性病管理平台进行高血压患者的登记管理,并进行年度血压控制评估。管理中发现有部分高血压患者血压控制不理想,血压水平不稳定。本文通过回顾性对照研究,旨在探索影响社区高血压患者血压控制不良的原因,为制定针对性措施提供依据。
1 对象与方法
1.1 对象
通过上海高血压患者管理平台,选择接受上海徐汇区枫林街道社区卫生服务中心某团队5位全科医生管理的,且2014年血压控制不良(全年有三個月以上时间血压记录在140/90 mmHg以上)的162例高血压患者为血压控制不良组(以下简称不良组),其中男性58例,女性104例;平均年龄(70.63±11.43)岁。用系统抽样的方法选择同一全科医生管理的,而血压控制优良(全年有九个月以上时间血压记录在140/90 mmHg以下)的178例高血压患者为血压控制优良组(以下简称优良组),其中男性75例,女性103例;……