中原经济区市域尺度突发性环境污染事故风险区划

李义玲 金英淑 顾令爽 杨小林

摘 要：以环境风险系统理论为指导，构建中原经济区市域尺度突发性环境污染事故风险区划指标体系，引入“纵—横向拉开档次法”构建风險源危险性、受体脆弱性和综合环境风险量化模型，在此基础上利用SPSS分层聚类分析功能和GIS技术，并以河南省为研究对象开展市域尺度突发性环境污染事故风险区划。结果显示：①河南省环境风险源危险性、受体脆弱性空间差异较大，其中郑州、洛阳、许昌、漯河的风险源危险性指数最高，分别为14.36、9.42、9.10、8.55；郑州、漯河、濮阳、商丘等市的受体脆弱性指数最高，分别为11.77、11.21、12.52、11.44；②受风险源危险性和受体脆弱性的共同影响，河南省综合环境风险指数以郑州为中心，自内向外呈辐射状降低；③分层聚类分析表明河南省市域尺度综合环境风险可聚为4类：三门峡、信阳、驻马店等市属于低风险区；洛阳、平顶山、新乡等市属于中风险区；开封、濮阳、商丘属于较高风险区；郑州、漯河属于高风险区。

关键词：突发性环境污染事故；综合风险；纵—横向拉开档次法；风险区划

中图分类号：X82 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1671-0037（2018）4-52-4

DOI：10.19345/j.cxkj.1671-0037.2018.04.011

Abstract： Guided by the theory of environmental risk system， the index system of municipal scale sudden environmental pollution accident risk zoning in the central plains economic zone was established， the "vertical-and-horizontal scatter degree method" was introduced to build quantification models for hazard of risk source， vulnerability of risk receptor， and comprehensive environmental risk， and based on that， with assistance of SPSS hierarchical cluster analysis function and GIS technology， Henan Province was selected as research object for the risk zoning of municipal scale sudden environmental pollution accidents. The results showed that ① Spatially， a great variation was observed in the values of hazard of risk source and vulnerability of risk receptor for Henan provincial environment， and the highest values of hazard of risk sources were 14.36， 9.42， 9.10， 8.55， identified in Zhengzhou， Luoyang， Xuchang， and Luohe， respectively. Meanwhile， the highest values of vulnerability of risk receptor were 11.77， 11.21， 12.52， 11.44， identified in Zhengzhou， Luohe， Puyang， and Shangqiu， respectively； ② Jointly influneced by the hazard of risk source and vulnerability of risk receptor， the valuses of comprehensive environmental risk centered at Zhengzhou， and decreased from Zhengzhou to its surrounding cities； ③ Hierarchical cluster analysis demonstrated that Henan provincial municipal scale comprehensive environmental risk can be divided into four categories： the high risk zones include Zhengzhou， and Luohe， the relatively high risk zones include Kaifeng， PuYang， and Shangqiu， the medium risk zones include Luoyang， Pingdingshan and Xinxiang， and so on， and Sanmenxia， Xinyang， and Zhumadian， etc. occupied the low risk zones.

Key words： sudden environmental pollution accidents； comprehensive risk； Vertical-and-horizontal scatter degree method； risk zoning

我国正处于向工业化、城市化为标志的现代社会加速转型的关键时期，经济持续高速增长，工业化和城市化水平大幅提升，但环境风险也日趋加大，突发性环境污染事故频发[1]，已成为导致社会不稳定的新社会风险源。各类环境污染事故发生的原因，除企业忽视安全生产、违章操作等内部原因外，多数是由于城市和工业开发区缺乏合理安全规划、产业布局混乱、结构不合理，缺少对区域性风险源进行适当的评估和制定适宜的区域风险防范及应急措施。……