彭桂兵
[摘 要] 传播技术带来网络文学IP的开发便利,同时也造成版权侵权形态的多元化,从而给司法判决增加了不确定性。对于网络小说转码而言,我国著作权法认定“临时复制”是合法的,但在司法判决中要避免转码技术的证据认定向被告倾斜。对于网络小说搜索链接、存储以及改编而言,我国司法判决中出现了如下新的问题:原告没有提起间接侵权诉讼,法官要不要行使释明权?提供改编服务是不是可以被列为对网络小说改变的情形?“应知”状态的确立超越“红旗标准”是常态还是例外?本文结合相关案例回答了这些问题。
[关键词] 网络文学 临时复制 直接侵权 间接侵权
[中图分类号] G230 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1009-5853 (2018) 04-0023-05
[Abstract] Communication technology has brought about the development convenience of internet literature IP, and has also caused the diversification of copyright infringement forms, thus increasing uncertainty in judicial decisions. For the transcoding of the network novel, our copyright law has affirmed that“the temporary copy”is legal, but the court should avoid being inclined to the defendant in the course of the evidence ascertainment. As for the link, storage and adaptation of the Internet novel, the following new questions have emerged in judicial decision:If the plaintiff has not mentioned any indirect infringement proceedings, will the judge exercise the right of interpretation? Can the provision of adaptation services be classified as a change of online novels? Is the current situation that we establish the“knowing”state surpassing the "Red Flag Standard" normal or exceptional? This article answers these questions by discussing relevant cases.
[Key words] Internet literature Temporary copy Direct infringement Indirect infringement
1 引 言:網络文学IP衍生品加剧版权秩序复杂化
网络文学的版权和版权开发是整个文化创意产业的重要组成部分,但网络文学也是网络盗版的“重灾区”[1]。为此,国家版权局2015年发布了《关于加强网络文学作品版权管理的通知》[2]。《通知》一共13条,主要从网络直接侵权和网络间接侵权两个视角对网络服务提供者的版权管理义务做出详尽规定。两种视角的划分对于网络文学的版权保护至关重要。网络文学的版权保护规则实质上奠基于早期的一般文学作品的版权保护,从而形成今天网络文学保护的既有法律规则。
一般文学作品的直接侵权主要表现为网络服务商把文学作品直接上传到自己网站的服务器中供用户在线阅读或下载到本地阅读。……