晚唐五代敦煌康氏家族与归义军瓜州刺史康秀华考

内容摘要：晚唐五代敦煌康氏家族是敦煌粟特人中势力很强的胡人，他们是唐敦煌从化乡的主体，从石城镇迁徙而来，成为敦煌的豪族，从事商业手工业经营，同时还在吐蕃及归义军政权中担任各种官职，亦官亦商是他们从政的基本特点，敦煌文书中留下了他们很多丰富的记载。康秀华就是他们中的代表，吐蕃统治时期出任吐蕃部落使，并经营胡粉等高级奢侈品生意，归义军时期出任归义军使衙判官，最后升迁为瓜州刺史。

关键词：敦煌；粟特人；归义军；晚唐

中图分类号：K870.6 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-4106（2018）03-0009-10

Abstract： During the late Tang and Five Dynasties， the Kang Family was very powerful among the Sogdians at Dunhuang. After immigrating to Conghua Village at Dunhuang from Shicheng Township they became an extremely influential family in the region during the Tang dynasty， as evinced by the abundance of records about them among collected Dunhuang documents. They were not only engaged in crafts and trade， but also secured various official posts in the Tibetan and Gui-yi-jun（Return-to-Allegiance Army）regimes， and being both officials as well as businessmen soon became equal parts of their esteemed reputation. Kang Xiuhua is taken by this research as an exemplary member of his family. During the Tibetan Occupation he held an official position while running a business trading in luxury items such as spices， and when the Gui-yi-jun period ended the Tibetan occupation he became the assistant to the local managing officials， eventually being promoted to governor of Guazhou.

Keywords： Dunhuang； Sogdians； Return-to-Allegiance Army； late Tang

（Translated by WANG Pingxian）

敦煌归义军时期的粟特人是学术界一直关注的热点问题。陈国灿先生研究认为，敦煌地区的粟特人聚落是由罗布泊地区迁居敦煌的粟特人康艳典部后裔组成。池田温先生通过对天宝年间敦煌县从化乡差科簿的研究，全面地研究8世纪敦煌地区的粟特人，得出了吐蕃占领敦煌之后，敦煌地区的大部分粟特人逃到粟特地区，其余迁居回鹘地区，留居敦煌的粟特人进入寺院变成寺户，从此以后敦煌再没有粟特人{1}[1]。随着敦煌文献的刊布，学术界发现敦煌文书记载吐蕃及归义军时期很多粟特人活动遗迹，开展了对这一時期的粟特人的全面研究。首先我们研究了吐蕃时期敦煌的粟特人，有部落使康秀华、安勿赊等，他们是粟特人的代表，说明吐蕃时期敦煌粟特人聚落还存在。而后我们对归义军政权和佛教教团、工商业中的粟特人进行了研究[2-6]。……