刘黔云 韩燕
摘 要 随着人口老龄化和心、脑血管疾病患者的生存率提高,血管性认知功能障碍已成为社会严重的疾病负担。卒中后认知功能障碍是可治疗的,使用已获美国FDA批准的痴呆症治疗药物治疗可改善卒中后认知功能障碍患者的认知功能和日常生活能力,但对血管性认知功能障碍,迄今还无药物获得美国FDA批准。本文概要介绍卒中后认知功能障碍的预防和治疗药物及其临床研究进展。
关键词 血管性认知功能障碍 卒中后认知功能障碍 药物治疗
中图分类号:R749.13; R979.9 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2018)17-0018-04
Treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment
LIU Qianyun*, HAN Yan**(Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China)
ABSTRACT With the aging of the population and the increase of the survival rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, vascular cognitive impairment has become a serious disease burden on society. Cognitive impairment after stroke is treatable, and drugs approved by FDA for the treatment of dementia can improve cognitive function and daily living ability in patients with cognitive impairment after stroke. However, none of drug intervention for vascular cognitive impairment has been so far approved by FDA. This article summarizes the drug and clinical research advances in the prevention and treatment of poststroke cognitive impairment.
KEy WORDS vascular cognitive impairment; post-stroke cognitive impairment; drug treatment
卒中后認知功能障碍(post-stroke cognitive impairment, PSCI)是指在卒中这一临床事件发生后6个月内出现的达到认知功能障碍诊断标准的一种综合征,其强调了卒中与认知功能障碍之间的潜在因果关系以及这两者在临床管理上的相关性,具体包括多发性梗死、关键部位梗死、皮质下缺血性梗死和脑出血等卒中事件引起的认知功能障碍,同时也包括脑退行性病变如阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimers disease, AD)患者在卒中后6个月内因AD进展引起的认知功能障碍[1]。目前,痴呆症在全球约影响到5 000万人,这一数字预计到2030年将增长到8 200万人,到2050年将增长到1.52亿人[2]。痴呆症是≥70岁人群因病致残的第二大原因,也是他们的第七大死因。全球痴呆症经济成本估计约为818亿美元/年,占世界各国国内生产总值之和的1.1%。痴呆症未来可能成为社会和经济发展的重大障碍[3]。
《卒中后认知障碍管理专家共识》[1]倡导,对PSCI应贯彻及早筛查发现、及时综合干预的原则。……