Survey on Germplasm Resources of Araliaceae Plants in Southeastern Tibet and Study on Their Landscape Application

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1. Department of Resources and Environment, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi 860000, China; 2. Tibet Special Flower Research and Development Center, China National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Nyingchi 860000, China; 3. National Forest Observation and Research Station of Tibet Nyingchi Alpine Forest Ecosystem, Nyingchi 860000, China; 4. Institute of Plateau Ecology, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi 860000, China

Abstract In recent years, the Araliaceae plants have been widely used in the planning of urban garden and road green space. China is rich in Araliaceae plant resources and Araliaceae plants are outstanding in form, but their ornamental value is less studied. Through the statistical survey of the germplasm resources of Araliaceae plants in southeastern Tibet, and the research and analysis of their functions and ornamental characteristics, this paper concluded that the Araliaceae plants in southeastern Tibet have high ornamental value, and 12 varieties of Araliaceae plants can be used in gardens and have great research and development significance. Finally, it came up with recommendations for the collection and protection, introduction and breeding, and garden application of Araliaceae plant resources.

Key words Southeastern Tibet, Araliaceae, Germplasm resources, Functional characteristics, Ornamental plants, Garden application

1 Introduction

Araliaceae plants are dicotyledonous plants, most of them are woody plants (xylophyta), and few of them are herbaceous plants. There are about 80 varieties of more than 80 genera of the Araliaceae plants in the world, and there are more than 160 varieties of 23 genera in China[1]. Araliaceae plants are widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions. Except Xinjiang, they are distributed all areas of China[2]. Most of the Araliaceae plants have large leaves, lobed leaves, membranous and oily color, making them extraordinarily prominent, and their umbrella-like flowers are also very beautiful, and their shade resistance is strong, so it has high application value of ornament and gardening. There are many medicinal plants in Araliaceae, and there are 114 known varieties, such asPanaxginseng,Panaxnotoginseng, andAcanthopanaxsenticosus[3]. In recent years, studies have shown that most of Araliaceae plants have anti-tumor, anti-aging, hypolipidemic, blood circulation promoting, qi tonifying and kidney and spleen nourishing effects[4]. Thus, studies on them mainly focus on the development of medicinal value, while there are few studies and developments about the types of garden application value. Through field survey and literature review, we surveyed the germplasm resources of Araliaceae plants in southeastern Tibet. Then, we analyzed the functional characteristics of Araliaceae plants and studied their application in gardens, in order to lay a certain foundation for protection and utilization of Araliaceae plant resources, construction and protection of Tibetan ecological security barrier, and construction of landscaping and pharmaceutical industry.

2 Overview of the study area

In this study, southeast Tibet refers to the area south of the line from Cuona, Langxian, Gongbujiangda, Bomi, and Chayu. It includes nine counties. This area is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, with a geographical position of 91°28′-98°40′E, 26°25′-30°40′N, covering an area of 163 000 km2, accounting for 13.6% of the total area of Tibet. The annual precipitation in this area is about 650 mm, the annual average temperature is 8.7℃, the average sunshine hours is 2 022 h, and the frost-free period is 180 d[5]. In this area, the terrain is low in the south and high in the north. The altitude is 18-7 756 m. The height difference is great. The Indian Ocean warm current merges with the northern cold current, forming a special climate with tropical, subtropical, temperate and cold zones[6]. Just for this, the jungle is dense, vegetation is rich, and its ecology is diverse, and there are rich Araliaceae plant resources.

3 Materials and methods

Using the field survey method, we surveyed the distribution range, habitat, morphological characteristics of Araliaceae plants in villages and forests beside main town roads in Cuona, Langxian, Milin, Gongbujiangda, Nyingchi, Bomi, Chayu, and Motuo counties. Then, we made a statistical analysis of the survey data, and finally discussed the ornamental characteristics, functional value and garden applications of Araliaceae plants.

4 Experimental results

4.1OverviewofAraliaceaeplantresourcesinsoutheasternTibet

4.1.1Composition of the species of Araliaceae plants in the southeastern Tibet. Through our survey and combining related literature data, we sorted out species of Araliaceae plants in the southeastern Tibet. Results indicate that there are 8 genera, 11 varieties, 2 original variants, 4 variants, including 5 varieties ofAcanthopanax(including one variants), 4 varieties ofSchefflera(including 2 original variants), 2 varieties ofEuaraliopsis, 2 variants ofPanax, one variety ofAralia,Tetrapanax, andPentapanaxrespectively, and one variant ofHedera, as listed in Table 1.

From the perspective of regional distribution, Araliaceae plants in southeastern Tibet are mainly distributed in Chayu (5 genera and 10 species), 5 genera and 9 species in Bomi, 5 genera and 7 species in Cuona, 3 genera and 7 species in Nyingchi, 3 genera and 3 species separately in Motuo and Milin, and 2 genera and 2 species separately in other counties, as shown in Fig.1.

Fig.1DistributionofAraliaceaeplantsincountiesofsoutheasternTibet

From the perspective of the distribution of altitude, most of the Araliaceae plants in southeastern Tibet are distributed in the range of 1 800-3 200 m above sea level, and the altitude can reach 3 600 m, for example,AcanthopanaxcissifoliusandAcanthopanaxwiisonii; the lowest altitude isHederanepalensis(18 m) which has the widest altitude range from 18 m to 3 500 m. Six species includingTetrapanaxtibetanus,Eleutherococcusverticillatus, andAraliaatropurpureaare distributed only in areas with altitude above 2 500 m (Fig.2).

4.1.3Habitat characteristics of Araliaceae plants in southeastern Tibet. According to Table 1, most of the Araliaceae plants are grown in the jungle and are common under broad-leaved forests. All Araliaceae plants like sunshine and moist, and have strong adaptability and good tolerance to shade.

Fig.2AltituderangeofdistributionofAraliaceaeplantsinsoutheasternTibet

4.2OrnamentalcharacteristicsofAraliaceaeplantresourcesinsoutheasternTibetThe beauty of the ornamental characteristics of garden plants depends on the subjective attitude of the people. Different people have different opinions, so it is difficult to determine unified evaluation criteria. At present, the evaluation criteria for the ornamental characteristics of garden plants generally include the shape, physique, leaves, flowers, fruits, colors, smells, textures and the beautiful associations and meanings that people give them[7-10]. Now, we analyze the ornamental characteristics of Araliaceae plants in southeastern Tibet from the main characteristics of plant shape, leaves, flowers and fruits.

4.2.1Plant shape. Most of the Araliaceae plants distributed in the southeastern Tibet are arbors, shrubs or woody vines. They are mainly perennial and herbaceous. Most of them are thorny, and the branchlets are mostly stellate, with detachment and sparse hairless. The main plant shape is shown in Table 2. The plant shape of this family is relatively complete, and the shape changes are diverse. Most of the trunks are bright and straight, the branches are radiated outwards, showing the strong three-dimensional feeling, and it is easy to make into different shapes and the ornamental effect is outstanding. Its diversity in height and size provides a suitable type for different types of gardening applications.

4.2.2Leaves. As shown in Table 3, the leaves of the Araliaceae plants are very characteristic, most leaves are mostly alternate, and few leaves are verticillate. Leaves of the Araliaceae plants are paper, grassy, leathery, and membranous. The color and vein of leaves are rich and varied. The shape ranges from single leaf, palmate compound leaf to pinnate compound leaf, most leaves are lobate or parted. Most leaves are covered with hair which falls off later. These features make Araliaceae plants highly recognizable in garden applications.

4.2.3Flowers. The flowers of the Araliaceae plants are relatively uniform. From inflorescences, flower patterns, flower colors to florescence, different Araliaceae plants have different merits. Araliaceae plants are excellent diverse resources, thus provide excellent materials for plant landscaping and matching. The ornamental characteristics of some Araliaceae plants are very prominent (as shown in Table 4). Most of the flowers of these plants are first grown into umbel, capitulum, conical or spike inflorescences, and then made up of compound inflorescences, especiallyS.wardii,S.hoi, andP.racemosuswhich have very large and remarkable inflorescences and clustered flowers like large flower balls. Those with long stalks spread flower balls in picturesque order like blooming fireworks; those with small inflorescences are delicate like starry sky forming small flower umbrellas.

From Norre-Vosborg, where the juniper blossomed, the journeybecame more pleasant, for they met some other people who were alsogoing to the funeral and were riding in waggons. Our travellers had tosit all together on a little box at the back of the waggon, but eventhis, they thought, was better than walking. So they continued theirjourney across the rugged heath. The oxen which drew the waggonstopped every now and then, where a patch of fresh grass appeared amid the heather. The sun shone with considerable heat, and it waswonderful to behold how in the far distance something like smokeseemed to be rising; yet this smoke was clearer than the air; it wastransparent, and looked like rays of light rolling and dancing afarover the heath.

Table1ListofgermplasmresourcesofAraliaceaeplantsinSoutheasternTibet

GenusPlant nameLife formDistribution areaHabitat EuaraliopsisE. hainlaArborChayuGrowing in the forest, tolerant to shade, liking warm and humid climate, fer-tile and loose soil, having long life, altitude 1 500-2 100 mE. ciliataThorny bushCuonaGrowing in a closed or sparse forest, or even ravines with plentiful sunshine, altitude of 330-2 200 mTetrapanaxT. tibetanusSmall evergreentreeAll areas of south-eastern TibetGrowing in broad-leaved forests, tolerant to shade, liking sunshine and moist, strong resistance, altitude of about 2 800 mHederaH. nepalensis var. sinensisEvergreen climbingshrubBomi, Motuo,Chayu, and CuonaClimbing on the forest edge trees, shade trees, rocks and house walls, liking sunshine, tolerant to shade, dense roots, strong shade, altitude of 18-3 500 mScheffleraS. octophyllaArbor or shrubChayuGrowing in the sunny hillside of evergreen broad-leaved forest, tolerant to shade, liking warm and humid, long life; altitude of 100-2 100 mS. impressa var. impressaArborNyingchi andChayuGrowing in evergreen broad-leaved forests, tolerant to shade, liking sunshine and humid, long life, and altitude of 2 000 mS. wardiiShrub NyingchiGrowing in forests, tolerant to shade, liking sunshine and humid, and altitude of 2 000-2 500 mS. hoiSmall arborChayuGrowing in forests, tolerant to shade, liking warm and humid environment and soil containing with rich humus, long life, and altitude of 2 000-3 000 m AcanthopanaxA. verticillatusShrub All areas ofsoutheastern TibetGrowing under forests, tolerant to shade, liking warm and humid environ-ment, long life, and altitude of 2 900-3 200 mA. cissifoliusShrub Chayu, Bomi, andNyingchiGrowing in shrubs, tolerant to shade, liking warm and humid environment, al-titude of 2 500-3 600 mA. wilsoniiShrub BomiGrowing under forests or shrubs, tolerant to shade, liking sunshine and humid environment, long life, and altitude of 2 700-3 600 mA. lasiogyneArbor or shrubBomi, Nyingchi, and ChayuGrowing under forests beside roads, tolerant to shade, liking sunshine and hu-mid environment, long life, and altitude of 2 000-3 200 mA. evodiaefoliusvar. ferrugineusArbor or shrubBomi, Nyingchi, and ChayuGrowing in forests, tolerant to shade, liking sunshine and humid, long life, and altitude of 1 000-3 300 mAraliaA. atropurpureaPerennial herbBomiGrowing in forests or beside roads, liking sunshine and humid environment, and altitude of about 3 000 mPanaxP. pseudoginsengvar. elegantiorPerennial herbBomi and CuonaGrowing in shrubs, tolerant to shade, liking sunshine, humid, and fertile soil, and altitude of 1 800-3 500 mP. pseudoginsengvar. bipinnatifi-dusPerennial herbCuona and MilinGrowing in forests, tolerant to shade, liking humid and soil containing rich hu-mus, and altitude of 1 900-3 200 mPentapanaxP. racemosusEvergreen arborCuonaGrowing under forests, tolerant to shade, liking sunshine, warm and humid climate, and soil containing rich humus, long life, and altitude below 2 600 m

Table2ClassificationofformofAraliaceaeplantsinsoutheasternTibet

Type of formSpecies nameHeight featureOrnamental characteristics ArborT. tibetanus1-3.5 m high -S. impressa var. impressa10 m high Trunk is straight, branches are many and scattered into spherical or long cylindrical shapeS. hoi10 m high -E. hainla8-15 m high, diameter at breast height (DBH) 10-15 cm Trunk is thin straight and the branches are propped up like umbrellasP. racemosus7-20 m high The tree is beautiful and straight, the crown is neat

(To be continued)

(Continued)

Type of formSpecies nameHeight featureOrnamental characteristics Arbor or shrubA. lasiogyne1-6 m high-A. evodiaefolius var. ferrugi-neus2-12 m highThe trunk height is suitable, and the crown radiates into a spherical shapeS. octophylla2-15 m high, and DBH upto 30 cmThe trunk is thick, the branches are simple, easy to trim to long column shape Shrub A. cissifolius0.3-3 m highLow height, branches are neatS. wardii2-3 m highSuitable height, branches can be trimmed into various shapesE. ciliata2-4 m highThe trunk height is suitable, and the branches are dense in lower and sparse in upper, taking on a tower shapeA. wilsonii2-5 m highThe branches are sparse, naturally scattered, and the sense of layer is strongA. verticillatus1-6 m highBranches are slender and layers are distinctH. nepalensis var. sinensisClimbing, the stem is 3-20 m longBranches are slender, tender and dense, and can be trimmed into various shapes HerbP. pseudoginseng var. elegantior0.3-0.6 m high-P. pseudoginseng var. bipinnat-ifidus0.4 m high-A. atropurpureaGround stems up to 1.5 mhighPlant is small, branches are short and dense, and easy to trim

Table3CharacteristicsofleavesofsomeAraliaceaeplantsinsoutheasternTibet

Plant nameLeaf texturePhyllotaxySignificant shape of the leavesOrnamental characteristics T. tibetanusMembranousAlternateThe whole leaf is heart-shaped, leaf area is large, no division or apical 3 lobes, lobed ovate triangleBright color, beautiful leaf shapeE. hainlaPaper to leatheryAlternateLeaves are large, diameter is up to 17-35 cm, palmate leaves have 5-7 lobesThe leaves are large and prominent, and the pal-mate lobes make it beautiful in appearance and distinct in layerH. nepalensisvar. sinensisLeatheryAlternateLeaves are mainly triangular-ovate or trian-gular-oblong-ovate, entire or 3-lobedEvergreen, good texture, shaped like maple leaves, clear veins, exuberantS. octophyllaPaper to leatheryAlternate, 6-11 leaflets, and palmate compound leavesThe leaves are mainly elliptical, oblong or elliptical, 9-17 cm long and 3-5 cm wideThe leaflets are many and long, making them beautiful in appearance, like a peacock spreading its tail, and the texture is good, showing vitalityS. impressavar. impressaLeatheryAlternate, 6-7 leaflets, and palmate compound leavesInverted lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 14-17 cm long, 3-5 cm wideThe leaves are slender and long, the shape is outstanding, and the texture and the appear-ance are excellent.S. hoiThin leatheryAlternate, mainly 5-9 leaf-lets, few are 3 leaves, pal-mate compound leavesNarrow, oblong or inverted lanceolate, 8-20 cm long and 1.5-5 cm wideThe leaves radiate, umbrella-shaped like a palm leaf, and have a good appearance A. verticillatusMembranousAlternate, 3-5 leaflets, and palmate compound leavesObovate to broad-ovate, 7-11 cm long, and 3.5-5.2 cm wideThe leaves are tender and cute, and the over-all look is comfortable and eye-catchingA. evodiaefoliusvar. ferrugineusPaper to leatheryIntertwined on long branches, clustered on short branches, palmate compound leaves6-12 cm long and 3-6 cm wide. The central small leaves are large, mainly el-liptical to oblong-shaped inverted lanceo-late, and the leaflets on both sides are smallerLeaves are dense, the veins are obvious, and colors are fresh and natural

As for the color, most of flowers of Araliaceae plants are white or light yellowish white, such asT.tibetanus,S.octophylla, andS.wardii; some are light orange red likeS.hoi; flowers of areA.atropurpureaare deep purple. Flowers ofH.nepalensisvar.sinensisare fragrant and thus are favored by many people.

In the florescence, most of them are concentrated in the summer from June to September, whileT.tibetanus,H.nepalensisvar.sinensis,S.octophylla, andS.wardiibloom in autumn and winter, belong to late flowering species;E.hainlais unique and blooms in the late winter and early spring.

In addition, the petals or calyx of most flowers are fluffy, and the petals and bracts are triangular or oval, which makes them much cuter. From the perspective of garden application, these are excellent and diverse resources, providing a good selection of materials for plant landscaping and matching.

4.2.4Fruit. The fruit of the Araliaceae plants in southeastern Tibet is berry or drupe. The exocarp is usually pulp. The fruit is mostly spherical or spheroidal, and black. The fruit ofH.nepalensisis special, yellow or blood color. Most of them have edges, fruits of different species have different edges:A.verticillatushas 3-5 edges,A.evodiaefoliusvar.ferrugineushas 2-4 light edges,S.octophyllahas unclear edges, whileP.racemosusandA.atropurpureahave 5 edges. From the perspective of fruiting period, the fruiting period is concentrated between July and December, and few species are in the beginning of the next year, for example,E.ciliatehas the fruiting period in the February of the next year,H.nepalensishas the fruiting period in the next March to May. It can be seen that the fruiting period of the Araliaceae plants is mainly in the second half of the year, which is in autumn and winter. In this period, many ornamental plants have fallen leaves, while the leaves of the Araliaceae plants are still green, and Araliaceae plants are fruitful, making them more enjoyable and beautiful.

Table4CharacteristicsofflowersofsomeAraliaceaeplantsinsoutheasternTibet

Plant nameInflorescenceFlower colorFlorescence T. tibetanusConical inflorescences, upper leaf axils also having smaller Conical inflores-cencesWhiteOctober-December E. hainlaApical conical inflorescences, main axis sparse short thorns and dense pi-loseLight yellow whiteFebruary-March H. nepalensis var. sinensisSingle apical conical inflorescences, some raceme or umbrella conical inflo-rescenceLight yellowish white or light greenish white with fragranceSeptember-Novem-ber S. octophyllaRaceme umbel, sometimes few single flowersWhiteNovember-Decem-ber S. wardiiLarge conical inflorescencesWhiteNovemberS. hoiApical conical inflorescence, 40-50 cm long, upper branches are raceme, lower are compound racemeLight orange redAugust A. verticillatusApical conical inflorescence, verticillate umbel in main axisLight yellowJulyA. wilsoniiSingle apical umbel, about 4 cm diameterYellow greenJune-July A. lasiogyneUmbel makes up of short conical inflorescence, sparse 1-2 apicalJuly-September A. atropurpureaConical inflorescence, apical and axillaryDeep purpleJune-July P. racemosusConical inflorescence, 50 cm longLight greenJune-July A. evodiaefolius var. ferrugi-neusUmbel, usually composed of several apical umbels, sparsely and singleLight yellow whiteMay-July

4.3Economicvalue

4.3.1Many species of Araliaceae plants have important economic significance. At present, in the southeastern Tibet, there are 8 species of Araliaceae plants having medicinal value, accounting for nearly 50% of the plant resources of the Araliaceae in the southeastern Tibet, showing rich medicinal plant resources. The medicinal parts are mainly roots and barks, such asA.verticillatus,A.lasiogyne,A.evodiaefoliusvar.ferrugineus, andS.octophylla, and the leaves ofS.octophyllaalso can be used as medicine; rhizome ofP.pseudoginsengvar.elegantior,P.pseudo-ginseng, andP.pseudoginsengvar.bipinnatifiduscan be used as medicine, and whole plants ofH.nepalensisvar.sinensiscan be used as medicine. In terms of the medical effect, most of these plants can be used for treating bruises and inflammation,A.verticillatus,A.lasiogyne, andA.evodiaefoliusvar.ferrugineuscan be used for treating rheumatism;P.pseudoginsengvar.elegantiorandP.pseudoginsengvar.bipinnatifiduscan stop blooding, andP.pseudo-ginsengandA.evodiaefoliusvar.ferrugineuscan promote blood circulation and eliminate stasis.

4.3.2Types and timber of arbor trees have various uses.S.octophyllais suitable for making steamers and sieves, and marrow ofT.tibetanuscan be used for making crafts.

4.3.3Some species of Araliaceae plants have beautiful crowns, trunks, or leaves, such asS.octophyllaandH.nepalensiscan be used for ornament and have been applied in planning and design of landscape and have generated great economic benefits.H.nepalensisis the honey source plant for south China in winter.

4.4GardenapplicationThe above analysis indicates that the plant form of Araliaceae plants is mainly arbors and shrubs, their leaves are large and unique, branches are beautiful, the inflorescences are large and distinct, the appearance is beautiful. The florescence is long, and fruiting period is mainly concentrated in the second half of the year (autumn) to the next spring when other plants remain in the withering period, so Araliaceae plants have great value potential. Therefore, it is more appropriate to use the Araliaceae plant in the gardens of suitable cities according to their characteristics and habitat adaptability. According to the requirements of garden application types and the characteristics of Araliaceae plants, it is able to screen out the main application types of Araliaceae plants in southeastern Tibet.

4.4.1Types of street trees. The street tree is the green road of cities and the skeleton of urban greening. The proper selection and matching of street trees will not only help to optimize the urban ecological environment, but also make the city more distinctive and more beautiful[11]. Therefore, the selection of street trees should pay attention to the ornamental value of tree shape, flowers and fruits, and it is required to match these plants according to their characteristics, to form rich and diverse landscape effects with different scenes in different seasons[12]. The crowns ofS.impressavar.impressa,E.hainla, andP.racemosusare uniform and large, tree shape is straight and beautiful. Lower part of trunk and root part have no new shoots, and the leaves are large and prominent, flowers are many and large, the florescence is long, the adaptability is strong, the life is long. Besides, they are resistant to trimming. Fallen dead leaves have no pollution to the environment, can protect environment, are suitable for planting beside roads, strengthening the space feeling of roads. Towering crown can form good canopy and enhance the aesthetic feeling.

4.4.2Scattered and solitary planting. Solitary planting refers to a form of planting that displays plants in an independent form to highlight the characteristics of plants[13]. Scattered planting has the same purpose and method as solitary planting. The solitary and scattered plant is mainly composed of tall arbors, which requires high trunk, beautiful shape, long life and strong adaptability[13]. According to this standard,S.impressavar.impressa,E.hainla, andP.racemosuscan be used as materials of scattered and solitary planting. Besides, small arbors or shrubs with unique tree shape or high flower value can be used for solitary and scattered planting, such asCallicarpabodinieri,Paeoniasuffruticosa,Kerriajaponica, andRosachinensis[14].T.tibetanus,A.verticillatus,S.wardi,S.hoi,S.octophylla, andA.evodiaefoliusvar.ferrugineushave suitable height, beautiful shape, luxuriant flowers and fruits, they are evergreen and have long life, thus are suitable for scattered and solitary planting on walking streets, green space of parks, courtyards, or indoor area.

4.4.3Vertical greening.H.nepalensishas elegant and fragrant, and its leaves are evergreen. As a kind of climbing plant,H.nepalensishas strong vitality, resistance and certain ornamental and practicality, thus has become an ideal plant for vertical greening[15]. In addition, it has unique ecological effects, including cooling effect, toxic matter absorption and contamination removal, soil moisture keeping, dustproof and noise insulation[16]. At present, the garden application method ofH.nepalensisis very wide, mainly vertical greening, and its forms mainly include veranda type, attached column type, fence type, hanging type, attached wall type and indoor pot planting.

4.4.4Flower bed and flower border. Flower beds and flower borders are two common forms of landscaping design. The former stresses the regular shape, while the latter pursues the perfect combination of natural form beauty and regular beauty[17]. Plants for flower beds and flower borders are often used in beautifully shaped, brightly colored, long-flowered herbs or low shrubs for color and space.A.atropurpureaflowers are bright and purple, the plant shape is small, the branches are short and dense, and easy to trim;A.wilsoniiflowers are yellow-green, the branches are sparse, naturally scattered, and the sense of layer is strong; both flowers are large and distinct, like umbrella clusters, and the form can be matched with other plants.

5 Conclusions and discussions

The survey indicates that there are 8 genera, 11 varieties, 2 original variants, and 4 variants of Araliaceae plants in southern Tibet. Most of them have high ornamental value and medicinal value.S.impressavar.impressa,E.hainla,P.racemosus,T.tibetanus,A.verticillatus,S.wardi,S.hoi,S.octophylla,A.evodiaefoliusvar.ferrugineus,H.nepalensis,A.atropurpureaandA.wilsoniican be used for gardens and have high garden application value.

The terrain features in the southeastern Tibet are complex and the local microclimate is rich. These make the ecological environment diverse and make the wild ornamental plants rich and diverse. Along with social and economic development, the discovery and research of the Araliaceae plants will become more and more, the development and utilization of all aspects will be deeper and deeper. The exploration and application of its value as a wild ornamental plant to the garden will also become an inevitable trend.

5.1StrengtheningthestatisticsandprotectionoftheresourcesofAraliaceaeplantsinsoutheasternTibetThe complexity of the natural geographical conditions in the southeastern part of Tibet has made it impossible for many places to go deeper, and the statistics on the resources of the Araliaceae plants need to be further expanded. Known medicinal plants of Araliaceae can be easily excavated due to their medicinal value, and the distribution and number of other species are few, so it is necessary to prevent damage to their resources. Both the garden application and other economic value resource development can not be realized through direct excavation. Instead, it is required to conduct development and utilization through rapidly breeding seedlings.

5.2EnhancingtheintroductionanddomesticationofAraliaceaeplantsinsoutheasternTibetAt present, except few species such asS.octophyllaandH.nepalensisvar.sinensisthat are domesticated, many species are not developed and utilized, so there is a great gap of development and utilization. Therefore, it is necessary to fully grasp the living characteristics of the Araliaceae plants in southeastern Tibet, and study the key contents such as adaptability, stress resistance, reproduction and breeding techniques, and finely manage them so that they can be domesticated as soon as possible and screen out varieties with a wide range and high value.

5.3CultivatingandbreedingnewvarietiesOn the basis of introduction and domestication, it is recommended to screen out good varieties and cultivate new varieties with higher ornamental value. For example, it is recommended to cultivate new traits of leaves and flowers, and improve the quality of useful components.

5.4SpeedingupthegardenapplicationOn the basis of fully grasping various characteristics and key points of garden cultivation, it is recommended to continuously optimize the landscaping from the continuity and matching of florescence and fruiting period of various plants, from the seeding and spatial angle of planting and configuration. It is recommended to constantly raise the status of Araliaceae plants in garden cultivation, to make Araliaceae plants in the southeastern Tibet have broader and broader application prospects.

The natural geographical environment in southeastern Tibet is rich and diverse, and the wild germplasm resources are abundant. However, there are few studies on the germplasm resources of the Araliaceae plants in southeastern Tibet. Through the survey on germplasm resources of Araliaceae plants in southeastern Tibet, we found the rich ecological diversity and genetic diversity, and discovered their excellent traits and application value. This is expected to provide a certain guidance and reference for cultivating new varieties of Araliaceae plants, building and protecting the ecological security barrier for Tibet, as well as the gardening, landscaping, and pharmaceutical industry construction.