陈西滢与曾朴父子的翻译论争

管新福

摘要：

救亡和启蒙使晚清民国掀起对外翻译高潮。西方的自然科学、社会科学和文学艺术被大量翻译成中文，随着西学翻译的扩大和翻译群体的增多，译文的规范性和质量也出现了诸多问题。为此，对译法和技巧等进行探讨的文章也逐渐多起来，且伴有诸多翻译商榷和论争，并在1930年前后达到论争高潮。其中陈西滢和曾朴父子之间的论争具有一定的代表性，他们之间的论争主要集中在 “信达雅”问题、直译和意译问题、诗歌翻译的可能性问题、翻译中的神韵问题等方面。以点带面，较好呈现了当时译界的翻译实践和理论探讨。

关键词：

陈西滢；曾朴父子；翻译论争；信达雅；直译和意译；神韵

中图分类号：H059

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1000-5099（2018）04-0144-07

Discussion of Translation between CHEN Xiying and

ZENG Pu and His Son： a Translation Discussion of

Chinas Modern Literary World before and after 1930s

GUAN Xinfu

（School of Literature， Guizhou Normal University， Guiyang， Guizhou， 550001， China）

Abstract：

Salvation and enlightenment led to the rise of foreign translation in the late Qing dynasty and the Republic of China. A large quantity of western natural science， social science and literature and arts has been translated into Chinese. With the expansion of Western translation and the increase in the number of translation groups， many problems appeared in the standardization and the quality of the translation. Therefore， the articles about translation and skills have been gradually increasing， and there are many discussions and debates about translation， and reached the climax before and after 1930. The debate between Chen Xiying and Zeng Pu and his son has certain representativeness， with the disputes between them mainly concentrating on the “Xin Da Ya”， literal translation and free translation， the possibility of poetry translation， translation of verve problem， etc.， presenting the translation practice and theoretical discussion of the translation field from certain perspective at that time.

Key words：

Chen Xiying； Zeng pu and his son； Discussion of translation； Xin Da ya； Literal translation and free translation； Verve

一、翻译论争的相关背景及缘起

人类社会中，因不同文明和种族所操用的语言不同，故异质文化之间的交流必须依靠翻译才能进行。“欲求超胜，必须会通；会通之前，先须翻译。”[1]在中国文化史上，对外翻译大潮有三次：一是东汉至唐宋的佛经翻译；二是明末清初的科技翻译；三是晚清民国时的西学翻译。其中尤以第三次翻译影响最为深远，西方文化借以大规模进入中国，并逐渐改变中国传统文化的价值核心，同时开启了中国现代性的历史进程。

与前两次翻译高潮相比，晚清民国的西学翻译是在被动中展开的。随着西方列强对华侵略的深入，有识之士开始正视并深入反思传统文化之弊，认识到西学翻译的急迫性，翻译因之成为国人学习域外先进文化的桥梁和中介。……