谭富强 黄清喜
[摘要]传统民俗节日的研究成果多以理论构建为主,忽视了微观层面及实证层面的研究。文章以赣南客家清明节为研究对象,运用田野调查方法,分析传统节日的价值变化及现实意义;发现传统节日民俗存在价值遭到质疑、神圣空间趋于瓦解、面向未来的特性缺失等问题;呼吁重塑传統节日的价值,包括维系族群运行、平衡与调节民众心理、促进人与自然和谐相处。
[关键词]清明节;赣南客家;民俗价值;传统节日
[Abstract] The research results of traditional folk festival mostly focus on theoretical construction, ignoring their micro-level and empirical research. The article takes the Qingming Festival of Hakka in southen Jiangxi province as the research object and analyzes the value change and the practical significance of the traditional festival with the field survey method to analyze the value change and the practical significance of the traditional festival. The research finds that the value of the traditional festival folk custom is questioned, the sacred space tends to disintegrate, and the future-oriented are missing. The article calls for reinventing the value of festival, including maintaining the operation of ethnic groups, balancing
and regulating the psychology of the people, and human beings living in harmony with nature.
[Key words] Qingming Festival;Hakka in southen Jiangxi province; Folk value; Traditional festival
[基金项目]本文系中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(项目编号:2016M591623)阶段性成果。
传统节日是民众日常生活的特殊节点,当这些特殊的时间节点到来时,民众的文化记忆与情感认同也随之而来。我国的传统节日从古至今一直得到较好的传承与发展,但随着时代的发展和外来文化的涌入,其处境显得“岌岌可危”。20世纪初期以来,伴随着民俗学与现代学术研究的兴起,传统节日的相关研究也一直为学界所关注。 (图1)
有关我国传统节日的研究,在近些年取得较为丰硕的成果。韩养民、郭兴文对中国古代节日风俗的发源、演变进行了系统的研究[1];范勇、张建世以文化人类学的理论视野为立足点,从多种角度对我国传统节日“年节”进行了较为深入的探讨[2];高占祥以民族志的方式,将我国少数民族的节日进行了一一记录,其搜集的田野资料为后续研究奠定了坚实的基础[3];冯贤亮以图文结合的形式,讲述了我国古代的节日风俗[4];……