大气CO2浓度升高对棉蚜生长繁殖及体内主要代谢产物的影响

杨勇 季慧敏 殷鸿洋 杨益众 苏宏华

摘要

大气CO2浓度逐步升高对于不同取食方式的植食性昆虫有着不同的影响。目前，大气CO2浓度逐步升高对刺吸式口器昆虫连续世代的直接和间接影响未见系统研究。本试验研究了实验室条件下不同CO2浓度（对照浓度360 μL/L和处理浓度720 μL/L）对连续3代棉蚜的繁殖和死亡及棉蚜体内主要代谢物质的直接和间接影响。结果显示：（1）直接影响：大气CO2浓度升高对连续3代棉蚜的繁殖和死亡的直接影响不显著，但高浓度（720 μL/L）CO2环境中饲养的棉蚜体内总糖与总蛋白的含量显著高于对照（360 μL/L）CO2处理。（2）间接影响：取食720 μL/L CO2环境下生长的棉叶，每一个世代棉蚜的繁殖数都显著高于对照（取食360 μL/L 环境下生长的棉叶），但死亡率与对照相比无显著差异。棉蚜体内总糖的含量显著高于对照， 但是总蛋白的含量显著低于对照。试验结果表明CO2浓度升高对棉蚜无直接影响;主要通过改变寄主植物的营养物质而对棉蚜产生间接影响。CO2浓度升高会导致棉蚜种群的增长。

关键词

CO2; 棉蚜; 繁殖; 死亡; 代谢物质

中图分类号：

S 433.3

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2017393

Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on development and

metabolites content of cotton aphid Aphis gossypii

YANG Yong， JI Huimin， YIN Hongyang， YANG Yizhong， SU Honghua

（School of Horticulture and Plant Protection of Yangzhou University， Yangzhou 225009， China）

Abstract

Elevation of atmospheric CO2 concentration has different effects on insects with different feeding ways. There is no systematic study about the direct and indirect effect of CO2 concentration elevation on the piercing sucking insects. The direct and indirect effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration （720 μL/L） on the reproduction， survival and some key metabolites of the three consecutive generations of cotton aphid were investigated in this study. The results showed that the atmospheric CO2 concentration had little direct impact on reproduction and death of the three consecutive generations of cotton aphid. After fed on the cotton leaves in the growth cabinet containing 720 μL/L of CO2， the content of sugar and protein was significantly higher than that of the control. The reproduction number of every generation was significantly higher than that of the control， but the mortality rate has no significant difference. After fed on the leaves of cotton planted in the environment containing 720 μL/L of CO2， the content of sugar was significantly higher than that of the control and the content of protein was significantly lower than that of the control. The results indicate that elevation of atmospheric CO2 concentration has little direct impact on cotton aphid population， but has significant indirect impacts through changing the nutrients of the host plants.

Key words

CO2; Aphis gossypii; reproduction; mortality; metabolism

過去的200年里， 大气中CO2浓度增加了31%。有数据显示，在18-19世纪大气中CO2的浓度上升了大约10 μL/L，达到了290 μL/L。而20世纪大气中CO2的浓度上升了大约77 μL/L，达到了367 μL/L[1]。目前，大气CO2浓度为385 μL/L左右。联合国政府间气候变化委员会（IPPC）预计本世纪由于经济增长和能源使用等将使CO2浓度增加到500～975 μL/L[2-3] 。由于温室气体浓度的增加，从1990年到2100年，全球平均气温将升高1.4～5.8℃[2]。CO2浓度持续升高是全球性的，无论在任何温度带下的生态系统都要受其影响。……