套袋对4个中熟苹果品种果皮结构的影响

李玉琪 苏秋方 李玉超 韩明三 王彩虹

摘要：套袋栽培是提高果实外观品质的重要措施之一，但套袋栽培的果实也存在耐贮性较差问题。本试验以‘彩虹1号‘金帅‘新红星和‘红将军4个中熟苹果品种为材料，研究探讨其套袋栽培对果皮显微结构的影响。结果表明：套袋栽培的果实表皮蜡质层破碎严重，且厚度降低，而未套袋果实表皮蜡质层完整光滑，厚度较大；套袋栽培也显著降低果实表皮角质层厚度。切面上观察发现，‘彩虹1号和‘红将军套袋能使其果实表皮细胞面积明显增大，且细胞的长宽比值明显变小。该项研究结果，对进一步深入了解这些品种套袋果实的贮藏特性具有重要意义。

关键词：苹果；套袋栽培；蜡质层；角质层；表皮细胞

中图分类号：S661.105+.9 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2018）09-0040-04

Abstract Bagging cultivation is one of the important ways to improve the appearance quality of fruits， however， there is also poor storability in bagged fruits. In this study， the effect of bagging on the microstructure of fruit skin was explored using four middle maturing apple cultivars including Rainbow 1，Gloden Delicious， Redstar and Red General. The results showed that the wax layer on the epidermis of the bagged fruits was severely broken and its thickness was reduced， while the waxy layer on the epidermis of the unbagged fruits was smooth and thick. The thickness of cuticula was also reduced distinctively by bagging cultivation. Moreover， it was found that the epidermal cell of the bagged fruits of Rainbow 1 and Red General had obviously enlarged areas and decreased the ratio of length to width compared with the non-bagged fruits. The results of this research were important to understanding the storage characters of bagged fruits of these cultivars.

Keywords Apple； Bagging cultivation； Wax layer； Cuticula； Epidermal cell

果皮是苹果果实的重要组成部分，由蜡质层、角质层和表皮细胞组成[1]。表皮细胞是果实的最外层细胞，其存在可避免果肉细胞直接与外界环境接触，对果肉起到保护作用[2]。蜡质层和角质层位于表皮细胞之外，是果实的最外保护层，具有抵御生物及非生物伤害的作用[3，4]。

苹果果皮结构与果实耐贮性密切相关[5-7]。蜡质层是由蜡质沉积形成，位于角质层外侧。角质层是一层厚度0.1～10 μm位于表皮细胞之上的生物膜。在果实贮藏期间，蜡质层和角质层可以延缓气体交流、抑制果实呼吸、减少水分散失，较厚的蜡质层和角质层还可以防止病菌的侵入[8，9]。一般认为，蜡质层和角质层较厚、蜡质分布均匀的果实耐贮藏；……