调节菇渣基质孔隙度对油菜生长的影响

2018-12-08 11:20:14诸葛祥谦程斐李群杨延杰陈宁
山东农业科学 2018年9期

诸葛祥谦 程斐 李群 杨延杰 陈宁

摘要:为确定适宜油菜生长的基质孔隙度,本试验以纯菇渣基质为对照,设置T1(菇渣∶ 河沙=9∶ 1)、T2(菇渣∶ 河沙=8∶ 2)、T3(菇渣∶ 河沙=7∶ 3)、T4(菇渣∶ 河沙=6∶ 4)、T5(菇渣∶ 河沙=5∶ 5)共5个不同的河沙菇渣复配比例处理,测定了不同处理基质容重、孔隙度、pH值、EC值和油菜地上部地下部生物量及其品质和光合等指标并进行比较。结果表明,随着河沙添加比例的增大,基质的容重、通气孔隙度均呈现上升趋势,总孔隙度以及持水孔隙度下降;油菜生物量、品质、叶绿素含量以及光合速率等指标均随河沙添加比例的增加呈先升高后降低趋势,其中T2处理的各指标数值最大。本试验综合分析可得,T2处理的河沙添加比例能够为油菜生长提供较为合适的孔隙度范围。

关键词:菇渣;河沙;复配比例;基质物理性状;油菜生长

中图分类号:S634.3 文献标识号:A 文章编号:1001-4942(2018)09-0056-05

Abstract In order to determine the porosity of the substrate suitable for rape growth, this experiment was conducted with pure mushroom residue matrix as control.Five treatments were set as T1 (mushroom residue∶ river sand=9∶ 1), T2 (mushroom residue∶ river sand=8∶ 2), T3 (mushroom residue∶ river sand=7∶ 3), T4 (mushroom slag∶ river sand=6∶ 4) and T5 (mushroom slag∶ river sand=5∶ 5), The bulk density, porosity, pH and EC values of the substrates,and the biomass of overground and underground parts, quality and photosynthetic indicators of rape were determined and compared under different treatments. The results showed that with the increase of river sand, the bulk density and aeration porosity of the matrix both showed upward trends, and the total porosity and water holding porosity decreased;the biomass, quality, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate showed the trends of increasing first and then decreasing. Among them, the value of each indicator under T2 treatment was the largest. According to the comprehensive analysis, the proportion of river sand in T2 treatment could provide a suitable porosity range for rape growth.

Keywords Mushroom residue; River sand; Compounding ratio; Substrate physical properties; Rape growth

目前,蔬菜无土栽培已经成为我国设施农业的重要部分,是发展高效农业的新途径[1],但蔬菜无土栽培生产应用中仍存在许多问题,如肥力不足、基质理化性状较差等问题。蔬菜根系环境的好坏主要取决于栽培基质的理化性质,而栽培基质的孔隙度直接影响基质的通气以及持水性能,是最重要的理化性质参数之一[2] 。因此研究栽培基质的孔隙度,提升栽培基质的理化性质,同时根据所栽培的不同作物确定不同栽培基质的孔隙度标准对改善作物品质以及基质的商品化和量产化具有十分重要的意义[3]。

我国食用菌生产从20世纪90年代以来,一直保持较高的增长速度。……

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